Title: Mood Disorders
Course: Question bank check

Q: Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, and loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities is known as
- acute depression. (Incorrect. This is not a term used to describe a depressive disorder.)
- rumination. (Incorrect. Rumination is the tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one’s depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences)
- anxiety. (Incorrect. Anxiety is not characterized by a depressed mood for most of the day, nearly every day, and loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities.)
- major depressive disorder. (Correct! Major depressive disorder includes depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, and loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities.)
A: major depressive disorder.

Q: Cynthia lost her job and is feeling worthless. She hasn’t had a good night’s sleep for over two weeks and is no longer interested in her personal hygiene. Cynthia may be experiencing
- bipolar disorder. (Incorrect. Bipolar disorder is not characterized by feelings of worthlessness, overwhelming sadness, and increased sleeping habits for two weeks or more.)
- anxiety. (Incorrect. Anxiety is not characterized by feelings of worthlessness, overwhelming sadness, and increased sleeping habits for two weeks or more.)
- antisocial personality disorder. (Incorrect. Antisocial personality disorder is not characterized by feelings of worthlessness, overwhelming sadness, and increased sleeping habits for two weeks or more.)
- major depressive disorder. (Correct! Feelings of worthlessness, overwhelming sadness, and increased sleeping habits for two weeks or more are symptoms of major depressive disorder.)
A: major depressive disorder.

Q: In ________ disorders, individuals show a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.
- bipolar (Incorrect. Individuals with bipolar disorders may experience depression, but bipolar disorder is characterized specifically by manic episodes and shifts in mood.)
- dissociative (Incorrect. Individuals with dissociative disorders do not experience a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, but may experience a detachment from their sense of self, a change in identity, or amnesia.)
- anxiety (Incorrect. Characteristics of individuals with anxiety disorders do not include a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, but instead include feelings of feelings of worry or fear.)
- depressive (Correct! Individuals with depressive disorders show a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.)
A: depressive

Q: To receive a diagnosis of ________, one must experience a total of five of the following symptoms for at least a two-week period: significant decrease or increase in appetite, difficulty falling asleep or sleeping too much, psychomotor agitation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and/or difficulty concentrating and indecisiveness.
- cyclothymic disorder (Incorrect. Cyclothymic disorder is a disorder that causes emotional ups and downs that are less extreme than bipolar disorder.)
- disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (Incorrect. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a disorder of chronic, severe, and persistent irritability in children that often includes frequent temper outbursts.)
- seasonal pattern depression (Incorrect. Seasonal pattern is a form of depression associated with fewer hours of daylight from late fall to early spring.)
- major depressive disorder (Correct! To receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, one must experience a total of five symptoms for at least a two-week period: significant decrease or increase in appetite, difficulty falling asleep or sleeping too much, psychomotor agitation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and/or difficulty concentrating and indecisiveness.)
A: major depressive disorder

Q: Maren feels intensely sad every November when the days get shorter. Which subtype of depression is this called?
- peripartum onset (Incorrect. A person with the subtype of depression known as peripartum onset does not experience symptoms only during a particular time of year, but experiences depression related to pregnancy and childbirth.)
- anxious distress (Incorrect. A person with the subtype of depression known as anxious distress does not experience symptoms only during a particular time of year. Depression with anxious distress is characterized by severe depression combined with anxious feelings of restlessness, dread, or fear.)
- catatonia (Incorrect. A person with the subtype of depression known as catatonia does not experience symptoms only during a particular time of year. Catatonic depression is characterized by severe depression at catatonic behaviors, like remaining speechless or motionless.)
- seasonal pattern (Correct! A person with the subtype of depression known as seasonal pattern experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.)
A: seasonal pattern

Q: Millicent no longer wants to hold her baby. She is experiencing major depression after the birth of her child. She has started having panic attacks and often feels weepy. Millicent probably has
- seasonal pattern depression. (Incorrect. Seasonal pattern disorder is characterized by symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.)
- persistent depressive disorder. (Incorrect. People with persistent depressive disorder experience mild to moderate depressed moods most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two years.)
- bipolar disorder. (Incorrect. A person with bipolar disorder often experiences mood states that vary between depression and mania.)
- peripartum onset depression. (Correct! Peripartum onset applies to women who experience major depression following the birth of their child and often feel anxious and weepy.)
A: peripartum onset depression.

Q: Sadness nearly every day, for at least two years, coupled with decreased appetite, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating is known as
- seasonal pattern depression. (Incorrect. Seasonal pattern depression is not characterized by sadness nearly every day, for at least two years, coupled with decreased appetite, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.)
- peripartum onset depression. (Incorrect. Peripartum onset depression is not characterized by sadness nearly every day, for at least two years, coupled with decreased appetite, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.)
- postpartum depression. (Incorrect. Postpartum depression, also known as peripartum onset depression is not characterized by sadness nearly every day, for at least two years, coupled with decreased appetite, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.)
- persistent depressive disorder. (Correct! Persistent depressive disorder is characterized by sadness nearly every day, for at least two years, coupled with decreased appetite, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.)
A: persistent depressive disorder.

Q: Cynthia is more than a moody child. She is often extremely irritable, angry, and has frequent and severe temper outbursts. Cynthia may have
- seasonal pattern disorder. (Incorrect. Seasonal pattern disorder is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.)
- persistent depressive disorder. (Incorrect. Persistent depressive disorder is characterized by a chronically sad and melancholy mood.)
- peripartum onset depression. (Incorrect. Peripartum onset depression is a subtype of depression that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.)
- disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. (Correct! Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is characterized by irritability almost every day, severe temper outbursts, and trouble functioning due to irritability.)
A: disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

Q: Amanda is known as a difficult child, but her parents are having a difficult time figuring out what is wrong. Amanda is so irritable that she has trouble functioning at home and in school and often has temper tantrums five out of seven days. Which disorder may Amanda have?
- seasonal pattern disorder (Seasonal pattern disorder is not a childhood condition of extreme irritability; anger; and frequent, intense temper outbursts that occur in at least two settings.)
- major depressive disorder (Incorrect. Major depressive disorder is not a childhood condition of extreme irritability; anger; and frequent, intense temper outbursts that occur in at least two settings.)
- persistent depressive disorder (Incorrect. Persistent depressive disorder is not a childhood condition of extreme irritability; anger; and frequent, intense temper outbursts that occur in at least two settings.)
- disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (Correct! Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a childhood condition of extreme irritability; anger; and frequent, intense temper outbursts that occur in at least two settings.)
A: disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Q: Rebecca is a smart little girl, but is struggling with her behavior. Although she’s only five years old, Rebecca has been dismissed from two day care centers because of her frequent temper tantrums and inability to get along with the other kids. She is a bright child, but is often so irritable no one wants to be around her. Rebecca’s parents want to try a different option to help Rebecca before she is asked to leave a third day care. Which of the following options would you recommend Rebecca’s parents try?
- continue with current day care (Incorrect. Obviously, the current daycare is not diminishing the behavior, so this would not be the option.)
- find a different day care (Incorrect. A different day care may or may not help limit the behavior initially, but the negative behavior will continue after a period of time either way.)
- try time outs (Incorrect. This may actually make things worse in this scenario, meaning that the outbursts, anger, and behavior may become worse than it was previously.)
- cognitive-behavioral intervention (Correct! This intervention has shown to be very effective in limiting the negative behaviors using contingency management. Through operant conditioning principles the program will reinforce the child's appropriate behavior, and through punishment (time out or ignoring the child) extinguish the behavior.)
A: cognitive-behavioral intervention

Q: Which disorder causes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before a woman’s period begins?
- disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (Incorrect. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is characterized by irritability almost every day, severe temper outbursts, and trouble functioning due to irritability.)
- persistent depressive disorder (Incorrect. Persistent depressive disorder is characterized by a chronically sad and melancholy mood.)
- peripartum onset depression (Incorrect. Peripartum onset depression is a subtype of depression that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.)
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Correct! Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a health problem that is similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) but is more serious. PMDD causes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before a period starts.)
A: premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Q: Which disorder is similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) but is more serious and causes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before a woman’s period starts?
- major depressive disorder (Incorrect. Major depressive disorder is characterized by feelings of worthlessness, overwhelming sadness, and increased sleeping habits for two weeks or more.)
- persistent depressive disorder (Incorrect. Persistent depressive disorder is characterized by a chronically sad and melancholy mood.)
- peripartum onset depression (Incorrect. Peripartum onset depression is a subtype of depression that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.)
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Correct! Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) but is more serious and causes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before a period starts.)
A: premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Q: Jessica gave birth to her son eight months ago and has stopped breast feeding. Jessica reports her menstruation has been far more severe and is experiencing increased anxiety the week before her period. Jessica also reports difficulty concentrating, feeling out of control, irritability and anger toward her husband, and muscle pains, as well as feeling bloated until about three to four days after menstruation. Which of the following disorders may identify what Jessica is experiencing?
- major depressive disorder (Incorrect. Major depressive disorder is characterized by feelings of worthlessness, overwhelming sadness, and increased sleeping habits for two weeks or more.)
- Persistent depressive disorder (Incorrect. Persistent depressive disorder is characterized by a chronically sad and melancholy mood.)
- Peripartum onset depression (Incorrect. Peripartum onset depression is a subtype of depression that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.)
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Correct! Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) but is more serious and causes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before your period starts.)
A: premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Q: Your roommate has been awake for 48 hours straight and is showing impulsive behavior. She decides she is going to withdraw from school and use her tuition money to gamble at the casino where she is certain she will hit it big and be set for life. The characteristics shown by your roommate are associated with which disorder?
- Bipolar II (Incorrect. Impulsive behavior is not consistent with those with Bipolar II, as individuals with Bipolar II would tend not to focus on such rash decisions and negative behaviors.)
- persistent depressive disorder (Incorrect. The behavior shown is manic and not that of a depressed state.)
- cyclothymic disorder (Incorrect. There are emotional ups and downs with cyclothymic disorder, but they're not as extreme as those in Bipolar I or II disorder.)
- Bipolar I (Correct! This heightened manic behavior is consistent with those with Bipolar I, and not Bipolar II (as they are more mild to moderate in their impulsive behavior).)
A: Bipolar I

Q: According to the DSM-5, a ________ is characterized as a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least one week” that lasts most of the time each day.
- despondent episode (Incorrect. This is not characterized as a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least one week” that lasts most of the time each day.)
- electric episode (Incorrect. This is not characterized as a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least one week” that lasts most of the time each day.)
- manipulative episode (Incorrect. This is not characterized as a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least one week” that lasts most of the time each day.)
- manic episode (Correct! According to the DSM-5, a manic episode is characterized as a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least one week” that lasts most of the time each day.)
A: manic episode

Q: A disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate (alternate) between sadness and euphoria is
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder. (Incorrect. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder causes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before a period starts.)
- disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. (Incorrect. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a childhood condition of extreme irritability; anger; and frequent, intense temper outbursts.)
- seasonal pattern depression. (Incorrect. seasonal pattern depression, formerly known as seasonal affective disorder, applies to situations in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.)
- bipolar disorder. (Correct! Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood states that vacillate between sadness and euphoria.)
A: bipolar disorder.

Q: Approximately 65% of people with bipolar disorder meet diagnostic criteria for at least one additional psychiatric disorder, most commonly
- post-traumatic stress disorder and eating disorders. (Incorrect. These two disorders are not linked with diagnostic criteria for 65% of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder.)
- anxiety disorders and eating disorders. (Incorrect. These two disorders are not linked with diagnostic criteria for 65% of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder.)
- substance use disorders and eating disorders. (Incorrect. These two disorders are not linked with diagnostic criteria for 65% of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder.)
- anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. (Correct! Approximately 65% of people with bipolar disorder meet diagnostic criteria for at least one additional psychiatric disorder, most commonly anxiety disorders and substance use disorders.)
A: anxiety disorders and substance use disorders.

Q: During which stage of development is a person most at risk for bipolar disorder?
- childhood (Incorrect. Childhood is not known as the significant risk period for bipolar disorder.)
- late adulthood (Incorrect. Late adulthood is not known as the significant risk period for bipolar disorder.)
- middle adulthood (Incorrect. Middle adulthood is not known as the significant risk period for bipolar disorder.)
- adolescence (Correct! Adolescence is known to be a significant risk period for bipolar disorder; mood symptoms start by adolescence in roughly half of bipolar disorder cases.)
A: adolescence

Q: What accounts for the greatest risk of developing bipolar disorder?
- poverty (Incorrect. Poverty is not the greatest risk for developing bipolar disorder.)
- single-parent home (Incorrect. A single-parent home is not the greatest risk for developing bipolar disorder.)
- ethnicity (Incorrect. Ethnicity is not the greatest risk for developing bipolar disorder.)
- genetic influences (Correct! Genetic influences are believed to account for 73–93% of the risk of developing bipolar disorder.)
A: genetic influences

Q: ________ is a mental disorder, lasting for more than one year in children and two years in adults, and involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of hypomania. Symptoms, however, are not sufficient to be a major depressive episode or a hypomanic episode.
- Manic episode (Incorrect. A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently euphoric, expansive, or irritable mood and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy lasting at least one week and present most of the day, nearly every day.)
- Hypomanic episode (Incorrect. A hypomanic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently euphoric, expansive, or irritable mood and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy lasting at least four consecutive days.)
- Generalized anxiety disorder (Incorrect. People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) display excessive anxiety or worry, most days for at least six months, about a number of things such as personal health, work, social interactions, and everyday, routine life circumstances.)
- Cyclothymic disorder (Correct! Cyclothymic disorder is a mental disorder that involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of hypomania. Symptoms, however, are not sufficient to be a major depressive episode or a hypomanic episode. Symptoms must last for more than one year in children and two years in adults.)
A: Cyclothymic disorder

Q: Denisha has experienced both depressive phases and hypomanic phases for at least two years and after speaking with her therapist, she is diagnosed with which mental disorder?
- mania (Incorrect. People with mania display a distinct period of abnormally and persistently euphoric, expansive, or irritable mood and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy lasting at least one week and present most of the day, nearly every day.)
- hypomania (Incorrect. People with hypomania display a distinct period of abnormally and persistently euphoric, expansive, or irritable mood and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy lasting at least four consecutive days.)
- generalized anxiety disorder (Incorrect. People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) display excessive anxiety or worry, most days for at least six months, about a number of things such as personal health, work, social interactions, and everyday, routine life circumstances.)
- cyclothymia (Correct! People with cyclothymia experience both depressive phases and hypomanic phases.)
A: cyclothymia

Q: Beth has felt off for a little over two years. Beth has said at times she has felt normal, but the normalcy only lasted for around a month and a half and then she felt either depressed or acted mild to moderately impulsive. Beth is not sure what is going on and she added that she has not abused drugs or alcohol during this period of time because she was unsure how she would react to substances. What could Beth be treated for based on this background information?
- Bipolar II (Incorrect. Beth has consistent periods of normalcy; Bipolar II would be seven to 14 days with mild to moderate manic, seven to 14 days depressed.)
- major depressive disorder (Incorrect. Beth has consistent periods of normalcy, mania and depression, not majorly depressed ones for two weeks.)
- persistent depressive disorder (Incorrect. Beth has consistent periods of normalcy, mania, and depression, not majorly depressed ones for two years.)
- cyclothymic disorder (Correct! Consistent periods of normalcy during the two years, which is key for diagnosis as with bipolar disorders and depressive disorders would show either marked consistent patterns of being depressed or consistent patterns of mania and depression.)
A: cyclothymic disorder

Q: Which theory states that certain predispositions or vulnerability factors influence one’s reaction to stress?
- psychodynamic (Incorrect. According to the psychodynamic model, depression is caused by unresolved unconscious conflict or repressed anger towards others.)
- hopelessness (Incorrect. Hopelessness theory proposes that a style of thinking that perceives negative life events as having stable and global causes leading to a sense of hopelessness and then to depression.)
- humanistic (Incorrect. Humanistic theory is focused on self-awareness and self-understanding.)
- diathesis-stress (Correct! The diathesis-stress model states certain predispositions or vulnerability factors influence one’s reaction to stress)
A: diathesis-stress

Q: Meta-analyses show that high scores on which personality domain are a strong predictor for the development of mood disorders?
- openness (Incorrect. Openness is not a strong predictor for the development of mood disorders.)
- conscientiousness (Incorrect. Conscientiousness is not a strong predictor for the development of mood disorders.)
- extraversion (Incorrect. Extraversion is not a strong predictor for the development of mood disorders.)
- neuroticism (Correct! Meta-analyses show that high scores on the personality domain neuroticism are a strong predictor for the development of mood disorders.)
A: neuroticism

Q: According to this cognitive theory, ________ is an expectation that unpleasant outcomes will occur or that desired outcomes will not occur, and there is nothing one can do to prevent such outcomes.
- diathesis-stress (Incorrect. Diathesis-stress theory proposes that depression is triggered by a cognitive vulnerability and by precipitating stressful life events.)
- rumination (Incorrect. Rumination is the repetitive and passive focus on the fact that one is depressed and dwelling on depressed symptoms, rather than distracting one’s self from the symptoms or attempting to address them in an active, problem-solving manner.)
- sociocultural theory (Incorrect. According to sociocultural theory, depression is more prevalent in women than in men in individualist and collective cultures.)
- hopelessness (Correct! According to this cognitive theory, hopelessness is an expectation that unpleasant outcomes will occur or that desired outcomes will not occur, and there is nothing one can do to prevent such outcomes.)
A: hopelessness

Q: People with mood disorders often have imbalances, particularly in which two neurotransmitters that are important regulators of appetite, sex drive, sleep, arousal, and mood?
- glutamate and GABA (Incorrect. Specific neurotransmitters are important regulators of the bodily functions that are disrupted in mood disorders, including appetite, sex drive, sleep, arousal, and mood, but these are not the two specific to imbalances in people with mood disorders.)
- dopamine and adrenaline (Incorrect. Specific neurotransmitters are important regulators of the bodily functions that are disrupted in mood disorders, including appetite, sex drive, sleep, arousal, and mood, but these are not the two specific to imbalances in people with mood disorders.)
- glutamate and adrenaline (Incorrect. Specific neurotransmitters are important regulators of the bodily functions that are disrupted in mood disorders, including appetite, sex drive, sleep, arousal, and mood, but these are not the two specific to imbalances in people with mood disorders.)
- norepinephrine and serotonin (Correct! People with mood disorders often have imbalances in the neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and serotonin, which are important regulators of appetite, sex drive, sleep, arousal, and mood.)
A: norepinephrine and serotonin

Q: Although the etiology of persistent depressive disorder is unknown, there are ________ and links with other factors such as stress, social isolation, and lack of social support.
- employment dispositions (Incorrect. Employment dispositions are not linked with persistent depressive disorders.)
- hallucinations (Incorrect. Hallucinations are not linked with persistent depressive disorders.)
- goal-directed behaviors (Incorrect. Goal-directed behaviors are not linked with persistent depressive disorders.)
- genetic predispositions (Correct! The etiology of persistent depressive disorder is unknown, although there are some genetic predispositions and links with other factors such as stress, social isolation, and lack of social support.)
A: genetic predispositions

Q: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medication, block the reabsorption of
- tyramine (Incorrect. Tyramine is an amino acid commonly found in foods such as aged cheeses, wine, and soy sauce.)
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Incorrect. Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme involved in deactivating dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.)
- tricyclics (Incorrect. Tricyclics block the reabsorption of norepinephrine, serotonin, or dopamine at synapses,)
- serotonin (Correct! SSRIs, the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medication, block the reabsorption of serotonin, whereas SNRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine.)
A: serotonin

Q: Since the 1950s, researchers have noted that depressed individuals have abnormal levels of ________, a stress hormone released into the blood by the neuroendocrine system during times of stress.
- insulin (Incorrect. Insulin controls how the body uses carbohydrates found in certain types of food.)
- testosterone (Incorrect. Testosterone stimulates the development of male characteristics.)
- vitamin D (Incorrect. Vitamin D is required to absorb calcium from the gut into the bloodstream.)
- cortisol (Correct! Since the 1950s, researchers have noted that depressed individuals have abnormal levels of cortisol, a stress hormone released into the blood by the neuroendocrine system during times of stress.)
A: cortisol

Q: Although effective in treating depression, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can have serious side effects. Patients being treated for major depressive disorder should avoid foods that contain
- milk. (Incorrect. Some people may have a dairy intolerance, but milk is not identified as a food to avoid.)
- rice. (Incorrect. Some people may have a grain intolerance, but milk is not identified as a food to avoid.)
- lysine. (Incorrect. Lysine is an essential amino acid important for normal growth.)
- tyramine. (Correct! Patients taking MAOIs may develop dangerously high blood pressure if they eat certain foods containing tyramine, an amino acid commonly found in foods such as aged cheeses, wine, and soy sauce.)
A: tyramine.

Q: Of the biological treatments for bipolar disorder, which has shown to be the MOST effective with patients in treating bipolar disorders?
- paxil (Incorrect. SSRIs and SNRIs have the potential to induce mania or hypomania in patients with bipolar disorder.)
- zoloft (Incorrect. SSRIs and SNRIs have the potential to induce mania or hypomania in patients with bipolar disorder.)
- cymbala (Incorrect. SSRIs and SNRIs have the potential to induce mania or hypomania in patients with bipolar disorder.)
- lithium (Correct! Lithium acts on several neurotransmitter systems in the brain through complex mechanisms, including reduction of excitatory (dopamine and glutamate) neurotransmission, and increasing of inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmission.)
A: lithium

Q: Patients with bipolar disorder are typically treated with pharmacotherapy. Antidepressants such as SSRIs and SNRIs are the primary choice of treatment for depression, whereas for bipolar disorder, ________ is the first-line treatment choice.
- paxil (Incorrect. Antidepressants, such as SSRIs and SNRIs, are the primary choice of treatment for depression.)
- zoloft (Incorrect. Antidepressants, such as SSRIs and SNRIs, are the primary choice of treatment for depression.)
- cymbalta (Incorrect. Antidepressants, such as SSRIs and SNRIs, are the primary choice of treatment for depression.)
- lithium (Correct! Lithium is the first-line treatment choice for patients with bipolar disorder.)
A: lithium

Q: An ongoing concern in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder is
- IQ factor. (Incorrect. IQ is not a concern in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder.)
- employment status. (Incorrect. Employment status is not an ongoing concern in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder.)
- parental age. (Incorrect. Parental age is not an ongoing concern in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder.)
- medication noncompliance. (Correct! Medication noncompliance remains an ongoing concern in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder.)
A: medication noncompliance.

Q: Although suicide is not listed as a disorder in the DSM-5, suffering from which specific mental disorder poses the greatest risk for suicide?
- personality disorder (Incorrect. Although serious in nature, personality disorder does not pose the greatest risk for suicide.)
- anxiety disorder (Incorrect. Although serious in nature, anxiety disorder does not pose the greatest risk for suicide.)
- eating disorder (Incorrect. Although serious in nature, an eating disorder does not pose the greatest risk for suicide.)
- mood disorder (Correct! Suicide is not listed as a disorder in the DSM-5, however suffering from a mental disorder, especially a mood disorder, poses the greatest risk for suicide.)
A: mood disorder

Q: Contrary to popular belief, suicide rates peak during which season?
- winter (Suicide rates peak during a different time of the year.)
- fall (winter. Suicide rates peak during a different time of the year.)
- summer (Incorrect. Suicide rates peak during a different time of the year.)
- spring (Correct! Contrary to popular belief, suicide rates peak during the springtime (April and May), not during the holiday season or winter.)
A: spring

Q: Suicidal risk is especially high among people with ________. Individuals with alcohol dependence are at 10 times greater risk for suicide than the general population
- eating disorders (Incorrect. Suicidal risk is not especially high among people with eating disorders.)
- personality disorders (Incorrect. Suicidal risk is not especially high among people with personality disorders.)
- sleep disorders (Incorrect. Suicidal risk is not especially high among people with sleep disorders.)
- substance abuse problems (Correct! Suicidal risk is especially high among people with substance abuse problems. Individuals with alcohol dependence are at 10 times greater risk for suicide than the general population.)
A: substance abuse problems

Q: Gideon sleeps all the time, has a decreased appetite, anhedonia, and has attempted suicide. These characteristics are consistent with which mood disorder?
- persistent depressive disorder (Incorrect. With persistent depressive disorder, sleeping would not be all day, those with PDD could function somewhat on a daily basis. Also, with PDD appetite tends to increase (weight gain), and there generally is not a flat affect and suicidal tendencies/attempts.)
- Bipolar I (Incorrect. These symptoms are not consistent, specifically the sleep patterns; those with Bipolar I have a decreased need for sleep.)
- Bipolar II (Incorrect. These symptoms are not consistent, specifically the sleep patterns; those with Bipolar II have a decreased need for sleep.)
- major depressive disorder (Correct! Sleeping all the time, decreased appetite, anhedonia, along with a suicide attempt are consistent with characteristics of major depressive disorder.)
A: major depressive disorder

Q: Henry has always been a sociable young man, but recently he’s become obnoxious and interrupts conversations as his mind seems to race. He’s maxed out his credit cards buying clothes, stays up for 48 hours straight, and is making plans to take the train to NY for an overnight trip to see Times Square. Henry may have which mood disorder?
- Bipolar II (Incorrect. Bipolar II is characterized by single (or recurrent) hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes.)
- major depressive disorder (Incorrect. Major depressive disorder is characterized by a depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day” (feeling sad, empty, hopeless, or appearing tearful to others), and loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities.)
- cyclothymia (Incorrect. Cyclothymia is a mental disorder that involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of hypomania. Symptoms, however, are not sufficient to be a major depressive episode or a hypomanic episode. Symptoms must last for more than one year in children and two years in adults.)
- Bipolar I (Correct! Bipolar I is characterized by a single or recurrent manic episode. A depressive episode is not necessary, but commonly present for the diagnosis.)
A: Bipolar I

Q: Your roommate hasn’t been acting like herself recently. Which of the following symptoms do you feel may be the most troubling sign there is a problem?
- sleeping most of the day (Incorrect. Even though sleeping over 12 hours a day is troubling, it may not be cause for immediate concern.)
- lack of affect (Incorrect. Even though lack of affect is troubling, it may not be cause for immediate concern.)
- increased appetite (Incorrect. Even though an increased appetite may be new, it may not be cause for immediate concern.)
- suicidal tendencies (Correct! Anything involving self-harm should be treated immediately.)
A: suicidal tendencies