Title: Metabolic Pathways
Course: Question Banks

Q: Catabolic reactions ________ energy.
- require (Incorrect. This would be an anabolic reaction.)
- consume (Incorrect. This term is not used when describing chemical reactions.)
- release (Correct. Catabolic reactions release energy.)
A: release

Q: Carbonic acid forming into CO_2 and H_2O is a ________ reaction.
- synthesizing (Incorrect. This term is not used when describing chemical reactions.)
- anabolic (Incorrect. Anabolic reactions build larger molecules by joining together smaller ones.)
- catabolic (Correct. Catabolic reactions break larger molecules into several smaller ones.)
A: catabolic

Q: Which of the reactions below is an anabolic one?
- Digesting a sugar molecule (Incorrect. This would be a catabolic reaction.)
- Burning a piece of wood (Incorrect. This would be a catabolic reaction, specifically a combustion reaction.)
- Synthesizing DNA (Correct. Anabolic reactions build larger molecules by joining together smaller ones.)
A: Synthesizing DNA

Q: Identify the open system from the list below.
- A vacuum sealed bag (Incorrect. A vacuum sealed bag does not exchange materials outside itself.)
- A closed bottle (Incorrect. A closed bottle does not exchange materials outside itself.)
- A dishwasher (Correct. A dishwasher must exchange water with the ‘outside’.)
A: A dishwasher

Q: Open and closed systems differ in the way matter is ________ the system.
- used outside (Incorrect. Something occurring purely outside the system does not define open vs. closed systems.)
- moved around within (Incorrect. Something occurring purely within the system does not define open vs. closed systems.)
- transferred outside (Correct. Matter exchange outside the system is what distinguishes open vs. closed systems.)
A: transferred outside

Q: A multicellular organism is a(n) ________ system because ________.
- open; it is contained within a cell membrane (Incorrect. The presence of an outer barrier does not define a system as opened or closed.)
- closed; it is contained within a cell membrane (Incorrect. The presence of an outer barrier does not define a system as opened or closed.)
- closed; it only exchanges energy with its surroundings (Incorrect. A closed system exchanges energy with its surroundings, but not matter.)
- open; it exchanges energy and matter with its surroundings (Correct. An open system exchanges energy and matter with its surroundings.)
A: open; it exchanges energy and matter with its surroundings

Q: According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, ________.
- the total amount of energy in the universe is gradually decreasing (Incorrect. This is not the First Law of Thermodynamics.)
- the energy in the universe is in a constant state of flux (Incorrect. This is not the First Law of Thermodynamics.)
- the total amount of energy in the universe is constant (Correct. This is the First Law of Thermodynamics.)
A: the total amount of energy in the universe is constant

Q: “Burning off” excess weight from Christmas cookies is an example of ________.
- the second law of thermodynamics (Incorrect. The Second Law of Thermodynamics involves increasing randomness in a system.)
- the destruction of energy (Incorrect. Energy cannot be destroyed, even when ‘burned’.)
- the first law of thermodynamics (Correct. Energy is neither created nor destroyed here: it is stored in the body and then used to power muscles during exercise.)
A: the first law of thermodynamics

Q: The First Law of Thermodynamics addresses ________.
- the usefulness of an energy resource such as oil (Incorrect. This actually relates to energy efficiency.)
- black holes destroying all the light around them (Incorrect. The First Law says energy is neither created nor destroyed.)
- conversion of energy to different forms (Correct. The First Law says energy is neither created nor destroyed.*)
A: conversion of energy to different forms

Q: Entropy is ________.
- a measure of the energy gained by a system (Incorrect. This is not entropy.)
- a measure of the order in a system (Incorrect. This is not entropy.)
- a measure of the disorder in a system (Correct. Entropy measures disorder.)
A: a measure of the disorder in a system

Q: According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the randomness of the universe ________.
- is constantly decreasing (Incorrect. This is not the Second Law of Thermodynamics.)
- is constant (Incorrect. This is not the Second Law of Thermodynamics.)
- is constantly increasing (Correct. This is the Second Law of Thermodynamics.)
A: is constantly increasing

Q: According to ________, energy is constantly required to keep entropy low.
- the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics (Incorrect. The Zeroth Law states that if system A and system B are in equilibrium with system C, then A and B are also in equilibrium with each other.)
- the First Law of Thermodynamics (Incorrect. The First Law says energy is neither created nor destroyed.)
- the Second Law of Thermodynamics (Correct. Since the Second Law tells disorder constantly increases, it also tells us energy must constantly be used to keep entropy (disorder) low.)
A: the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Q: Energy associated with objects in motion is called ________.
- potential energy (Incorrect. The stored energy in an object held in position is called potential energy.)
- motion energy (Incorrect. Energy associated with objects in motion is called kinetic energy.)
- kinetic energy (Correct. Energy associated with objects in motion is called kinetic energy*)
A: kinetic energy

Q: Kinetic energy is the energy ________.
- stored in a stationary object (Incorrect. The stored energy in an object held in position is called potential energy.)
- of objects in motion added to the energy stored in a stationary object (Incorrect. This is mechanical energy—which is the sum total of kinetic and potential energy in an object.)
- of objects in motion (Correct. Energy associated with objects in motion is called kinetic energy)
A: of objects in motion

Q: Which of the following is an example of potential energy?
- a speeding bullet (Incorrect. A speeding bullet is an example of kinetic energy.)
- the rapid movement of molecules in the air (Incorrect. The rapid movement of molecules in the air is an example of kinetic energy.)
- a parked car in a hot garage (Correct. A parked car in the garage not in motion. This is an example of potential energy)
A: a parked car in a hot garage

Q: Which of the following is a property of endergonic reactions?
- Endergonic reactions have a negative change in free energy (Incorrect. This is a property of exergonic reactions)
- Endergonic reactions are also referred to as spontaneous reactions (Incorrect. This is a property of exergonic reactions)
- Endergonic reaction take in free energy (Correct. This is a property of endergonic reactions)
A: Endergonic reaction take in free energy

Q: What type of reaction will not take place on its own without the addition of free energy?
- an exergonic reaction (Incorrect. An exergonic reaction will take place on its own without the addition of free energy.)
- a spontaneous reaction (Incorrect. A spontaneous reaction is an exergonic reaction; and will take place on its own without the addition of free energy.)
- an endergonic reaction (Correct. An endergonic reaction will not take place on its own without the addition of free energy.)
A: an endergonic reaction

Q: A(n) ________ speeds up a reaction, while largely remaining unchanged itself.
- protein (Incorrect. Not all proteins play a role in reaction rates.)
- amino acid (Incorrect. Amino acids are simply protein building blocks.)
- enzyme (Correct. Enzymes are specialized proteins that speed up reactions without themselves being consumed.)
A: enzyme

Q: Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. As shown on this graph, which letter indicates the enzyme-mediated reaction?
- A (Incorrect. This is the stand-alone reaction.)
- C (Incorrect. This is the activation energy required for the stand-alone reaction.)
- D (Incorrect. This is the energy released by the reaction, regardless of enzyme activity.)
- B (Correct. This is the enzyme-mediated reaction, which requires much less activation energy.)
A: B

Q: Enzymes are typically specific to ________.
- any substrate they encounter (Incorrect. Enzymes are not generalists.)
- a handful of substrates (Incorrect. Even if an enzyme has more than one substrate, it will not have many.)
- one substrate (Correct. Most enzymes are specific to only a single substrate.)
A: one substrate

Q: Energy is released by the removal of the terminal phosphate group of ________.
- CTP (Incorrect. CTP is not widely used for energy exchanges in cells.)
- TTP (Incorrect. TTP is not widely used for energy exchanges in cells.)
- ATP (Correct. Energy is released when the terminal phosphate group is removed from ATP during a hydrolysis reaction.)
A: ATP

Q: Energy is stored in an AMP molecule through ________.
- removal of the terminal phosphate group (Incorrect. Energy is released when the terminal phosphate group is removed during a hydrolysis reaction.)
- oxidative addition of the hydroxyl group (Incorrect. This is not how energy is stored in an AMP molecule.)
- addition of phosphate groups (Correct. Phosphorylation of AMP into ADP and then ATP stores energy.)
A: addition of phosphate groups

Q: ________ is the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.
- Dephosphorylation (Incorrect. Dephosphorylation removes a phosphate group from a molecule.)
- Chemiosmosis (Incorrect. This is the movement of ions across a semipermeable barrier and powers the formation of ATP.)
- Phosphorylation (Correct. A phosphorylation reaction adds a phosphate group to a molecule.)
A: Phosphorylation

Q: The most direct method of phosphorylation is ________ phosphorylation.
- oxidative (Incorrect. Oxidative phosphorylation involves oxygen and does not directly add a phosphate group.)
- reductive (Incorrect. There is no reductive phosphorylation reaction.)
- substrate-level (Correct. Substrate-level phosphorylation directly adds a phosphate molecule to the substrate.)
A: substrate-level

Q: The main purpose of ________ is to release free energy.
- converting ADP to ATP (Incorrect. This is a means of storing free energy.)
- transferring phosphate molecules (Incorrect. This is the mechanism why which the main purpose is achieved.)
- hydrolysis of ATP (Correct. Cleaving ATP into ADP plus a free phosphate group is performed in order to release free energy for use by the cell.)
A: hydrolysis of ATP

Q: During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs?
- ATP is used up. (Incorrect. This occurs in the first half of glycolysis.)
- Fructose is split in two. (Incorrect. This occurs in the first half of glycolysis.)
- ATP is made. (Correct. The main output of the second half of glycolysis is ATP.)
A: ATP is made.

Q: The final net products of ________ are 2 molecules of ATP and 2 NADH.
- pyruvate oxidation (Incorrect. Pyruvate oxidation does not produce any ATP.)
- the citric acid cycle (Incorrect. The citric acid cycle does not produce any ATP.)
- glycolysis (Correct. The net products are only 2 molecules of ATP (because it used 2 ATP during the process) and 2 NADH.)
A: glycolysis

Q: During ________ of glycolysis, energy is required to split a six-carbon sugar.
- the second half of glycolysis (Incorrect. The second half of glycolysis makes ATP from the previously split six-carbon sugar.)
- both halves of glycolysis (Incorrect. The second half of glycolysis makes ATP from the previously split six-carbon sugar.)
- the first half of glycolysis (Correct. The first half of glycolysis uses ATP to split fructose.)
A: the first half of glycolysis

Q: During the first half of glycolysis, what occurs?
- ATP is made. (Incorrect. The main output of the second half of glycolysis is ATP.)
- Pyruvate is generated. (Incorrect. This occurs in the second half of glycolysis.)
- ATP is used up. (Correct. This occurs in the first half of glycolysis in order to split a molecule of fructose.)
A: ATP is used up.

Q: Each turn of ________ directly produces 3 NADH and 1 FADH_2.
- glycolysis (Incorrect. Glycolysis does not produce NADH or FADH_2.)
- pyruvate oxidation (Incorrect. Pyruvate does not produce NADH or FADH_2.)
- the citric acid cycle (Correct. These are the direct products of the citric acid cycle.)
A: the citric acid cycle

Q: The direct products from the citric acid cycle are ________.
- final products of cellular respiration (Incorrect. The direct products of the citric acid cycle are not final products of cellular respiration.)
- formed from the direct consumption of oxygen (Incorrect. Oxygen is not directly consumed in the citric acid cycle.)
- temporary electron storage compounds (Correct. The NADH and FADH_2 produced must move on to the subsequent pathway to transfer their electrons (and energy) into ATP.)
A: temporary electron storage compounds

Q: In the presence of ________, pyruvate from glycolysis is transformed to acetyl-CoA and delivered to the citric acid cycle.
- carbon dioxide (Incorrect. Carbon dioxide is not required for pyruvate to be transformed to acetyl-CoA.)
- a carboxyl group (Incorrect. A carboxyl group is not required for pyruvate to be transformed to acetyl-CoA.)
- oxygen (Correct. Aerobic respiration begins with pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl-CoA.)
A: oxygen

Q: The majority of the ATP produced by cellular respiration comes from ________.
- glycolysis (Incorrect. Glycolysis only produces a net of 2 ATP.)
- the citric acid cycle (Incorrect. ATP may not even be formed in the citric acid cycle; instead it may form GTP.)
- the electron transport chain (Correct. The bulk of ATP produced by cellular respiration occurs from the electron transport chain.)
A: the electron transport chain

Q: The only part of cellular respiration that directly consumes ________ is the electron transport chain.
- carbon (Incorrect. Carbon is isolated from the environment during photosynthesis, not cellular respiration.)
- nitrogen (Incorrect. Nitrogen is not required for any part of cellular respiration.)
- oxygen (Correct. The electron transport chain requires atmospheric oxygen.)
A: oxygen

Q: Chemiosmosis involves ________.
- the movement of hydrogen atoms across a membrane (Incorrect. Chemiosmosis does not involve movement of hydrogen atoms.)
- the movement of electrons across a membrane (Incorrect. Chemiosmosis does not involve movement of electrons.)
- the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane (Correct. Chemiosmosis involves the pumping of hydrogen ions (protons) across a membrane.)
A: the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane

Q: ________ is used to generate 90 percent of the ATP from aerobic glucose catabolism.
- Complex I (Incorrect. Complex I does not generate ATP.)
- Q and Complex II (Incorrect. Complex II and Q do not generate ATP.)
- Chemiosmosis (Correct. Chemiosmosis produces 90% of the ATP yield from aerobic respiration.)
A: Chemiosmosis

Q: In eukaryotes, cellular respiration occurs in ________.
- the cytoplasm (Incorrect. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.)
- chloroplasts (Incorrect. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, not cellular respiration.)
- mitochondria (Correct. The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, the two stages of cellular respiration in eukaryotes, occurs in mitochondria.)
A: mitochondria

Q: ________ occurs in the matrix of mitochondria.
- Oxidative phosphorylation (Incorrect. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner membrane of mitochondria; the membrane is required to generate the hydrogen gradient required to generate ATP.)
- Glycolysis (Incorrect. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.)
- The citric acid cycle (Correct. The citric acid cycle occurs in the ‘open’ interior of the mitochondria, known as the matrix.)
A: The citric acid cycle

Q: Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in ________.
- the matrix of mitochondria (Incorrect. The citric acid cycle occurs in the ‘open’ interior of the mitochondria, known as the matrix.)
- the cytoplasm (Incorrect. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.)
- the inner membrane of mitochondria (Correct. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner membrane of mitochondria; the membrane is required to generate the hydrogen gradient required to generate ATP.)
A: the inner membrane of mitochondria

Q: Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles?
- alcohol fermentation (Incorrect. Alcohol fermentation does not occur in animal skeletal muscle cells.)
- propionic fermentation (Incorrect. This is not a type of fermentation that occurs in skeletal muscles.)
- lactic acid fermentation (Correct. Lactic acid fermentation occurs when skeletal muscles use up available oxygen.)
A: lactic acid fermentation

Q: Lactic acid generated by fermentation in muscles ________.
- causes muscle soreness (Incorrect. This was previously believed to the be the cause of soreness in overworked muscles but is not true.)
- gets excreted in urine (Incorrect. Lactic acid is not excreted in urine.)
- is sent to the liver for conversion back into pyruvic acid (Correct. Lactic acid is transported to the liver for conversion into pyruvic acid.)
A: is sent to the liver for conversion back into pyruvic acid

Q: The two main types of anaerobic cellular respiration are lactic acid fermentation and ________.
- beta oxidation (Incorrect. This is not a type of anaerobic cellular respiration.)
- oxidative fermentation (Incorrect. This is not a type of anaerobic cellular respiration.)
- alcohol fermentation (Correct. Lactic acid and alcohol fermentation are both types of anaerobic cellular respiration.)
A: alcohol fermentation

Q: Yeast contribute to beer brewing by producing ethanol during ________.
- lactic acid fermentation (Incorrect. Yeast do not perform lactic acid fermentation.)
- ethanol fermentation (Incorrect. While ethanol is the alcohol produced, it is not the only one; hence the process is not called ethanol fermentation.)
- alcohol fermentation (Correct. One of the main points of ‘alcohol’ fermentation in beer production is to produce ethanol for consumption)
A: alcohol fermentation

Q: In order to ensure an adequate supply of NAD+ is regenerated, ________ must be utilized in low oxygen conditions.
- aerobic respiration (Incorrect. Aerobic respiration cannot proceed in low oxygen conditions.)
- glycolysis (Incorrect. Glycolysis is the reason NAD+ needs to be regenerated.)
- fermentation (Correct. Fermentation is designed to regenerate NAD+.)
A: fermentation

Q: The key enzyme that generates ethanol during fermentation is ________.
- lactate dehydrogenase (Incorrect. This enzyme is present in lactic acid fermentation.)
- pyruvate decarboxylase (Incorrect. This enzyme does not produce ethanol.)
- alcohol dehydrogenase (Correct. This enzyme produces ethanol during alcohol fermentation.)
A: alcohol dehydrogenase

Q: The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase generates ________ during fermentation.
- carbon dioxide (Incorrect. Carbon dioxide is a by-product of fermentation, not a product.)
- yogurt (Incorrect. Yogurt is a product of lactic acid fermentation and does not come from alcohol dehydrogenase.)
- alcohol (Correct. Alcohol dehydrogenase produces alcohol.)
A: alcohol

Q: Which of the below results from photosynthesis?
- Carbon dioxide (Incorrect. This is a reactant in photosynthesis.)
- Sugar chains (Incorrect. Chains of sugars are not produced by photosynthesis.)
- Simple sugars (Correct. This is one of the products of photosynthesis, along with oxygen.)
A: Simple sugars

Q: The process of ________ requires carbon dioxide to begin.
- cellular respiration (Incorrect. Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide; it does not require it.)
- lactic acid fermentation (Incorrect. Lactic acid fermentation does not require carbon dioxide.)
- photosynthesis (Correct. Carbon dioxide is one of the reactants in photosynthesis.)
A: photosynthesis

Q: Photosynthesis occurs inside the ________ of plants.
- chlorophyll (Incorrect. This is a pigment found in green plants.)
- mitochondria (Incorrect. This is where cellular respiration occurs.)
- chloroplast (Correct. This organelle is unique to photosynthetic organisms like plants.)
A: chloroplast

Q: ________ provides the energized carbon needed by nearly all living things.
- Cellular respiration (Incorrect. Cellular respiration breaks down energized carbon.)
- Lactic acid fermentation (Incorrect. Lactic acid fermentation breaks down energized carbon.)
- Photosynthesis (Correct. Without photosynthesis, energy could not be stored in carbon-based compounds in living organisms.)
A: Photosynthesis

Q: The ________ a wavelength of light, the more energy it carries.
- longer (Incorrect. Longer wavelengths of light have less energy.)
- brighter (Incorrect. Brighter is not a term applied to the wavelengths of light.)
- shorter (Correct. Shorter wavelengths of light are more energetic.)
A: shorter

Q: Pigments absorb the ________ wavelengths of light for photosynthesis.
- UV (Incorrect. UV wavelengths are higher energy and are not absorbed by pigments.)
- X-ray (Incorrect. X-rays are much too high energy to be absorbed by pigments for photosynthesis.)
- visible (Correct. Pigments absorb the visible wavelengths of light to power photosynthesis.)
A: visible

Q: A yellow wavelength of light will have a(n) ________ wavelength compared to a blue wavelength of light.
- shorter (Incorrect. Yellow light does not have a shorter wavelength than blue light.)
- equal (Incorrect. Different colors of light do not have the same wavelengths.)
- longer (Correct. Yellow light has a longer wavelength than blue light.)
A: longer

Q: ________ reactions of photosynthesis generate NADPH and ATP to carry solar energy.
- The light-independent (Incorrect. These are not the molecules used to carry solar energy during the light-independent reactions.)
- Both the light-dependent and -independent (Incorrect. These are not the molecules used to carry solar energy during the light-independent reactions.)
- The light-dependent (Correct. NADPH and ATP are used to carry the solar energy captured in the light-dependent reactions.)
A: The light-dependent

Q: The conversion of light energy into chemical energy occurs in a ________ inside chloroplasts.
- photoreactive chamber (Incorrect. This is not the term that describes where light energy is captured in chloroplasts though it does logically sound right.)
- reactive system (Incorrect. This is not the term that describes where light energy is captured in chloroplasts)
- photosystem (Correct. Plants contain two photosystems that work together to convert light energy into chemical energy.)
A: photosystem

Q: ________ give up an electron as a part of the light-dependent reactions.
- Chloroplasts (Incorrect. A chloroplast is the organelle in which photosynthesis occurs.)
- Thylakoids (Incorrect. Thylakoids are sacs within chloroplast where photosynthesis occurs.)
- Chlorophylls (Correct. Chlorophyll pigments give up an electron during the light-dependent reactions.)
A: Chlorophylls

Q: Fixation, reduction, and regeneration are the three steps of what process?
- the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis (Incorrect. These are not the steps of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.)
- both the light-dependent and -independent reactions of photosynthesis (Incorrect. These are not the steps of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.)
- the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis (Correct. This describes the proper steps, in order, that occur during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.)
A: the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis

Q: The main purpose of the light-independent reactions is to ________.
- convert solar energy to chemical energy (Incorrect. This actually happens in the light-dependent reactions.)
- convert solar energy to ATP for short-term energy use (Incorrect. Solar energy is converted to bonds in ATP during the light-dependent reactions.)
- build carbohydrates for long-term energy storage (Correct. The light-independent reactions create long-term energy storage in the chemical bonds forming carbohydrates.)
A: build carbohydrates for long-term energy storage

Q: Part of the light-independent reactions is known as ________ because it converts inorganic carbon dioxide into organic carbohydrates.
- reduction (Incorrect. Converting inorganic carbon into organic carbohydrates is not a reduction reaction.)
- Regeneration (Incorrect. Converting inorganic carbon into organic carbohydrates is not a regeneration reaction.)
- fixation (Correct. Inorganic COs is fixed in the form of simple sugars in the first stage of the Calvin cycle.)
A: fixation

Q: ________ is a lipid that is connected to the glucose pathways.
- Wax (Incorrect. Wax is a lipid, but it is not known to be connected to the glucose pathways.)
- Galactose (Incorrect. Galactose is a sugar.)
- Triglyceride (Correct. Triglycerides can be connected to the glucose pathways after it has been broken down to glycerol and fatty acids.)
A: Triglyceride

Q: Refer to the figure below:

From this figure, amino acids can enter the metabolic pathway through any of the following routes EXCEPT:
- glycolysis (Incorrect. Amino acids can enter the metabolic pathway through glycolysis)
- pyruvate oxidation (Incorrect. Amino acids can enter the metabolic pathway through pyruvate oxidation)
- citric acid cycle (Incorrect. Amino acids can enter the metabolic pathway through citric acid cycle)
- oxidative phosphorylation (Correct. Amino acids cannot enter the metabolic pathway directly through oxidative phosphorylation.)
A: oxidative phosphorylation

Q: The catabolism of galactose produces ________ ATP molecules compared to glucose.
- fewer (Incorrect. Galactose metabolism does not produce fewer ATP than glucose metabolism.)
- more (Incorrect. Galactose metabolism does not produce more ATP than glucose metabolism.)
- the same number of (Correct. Galactose and glucose metabolism produce the same number of ATP molecules.)
A: the same number of

Q: The catabolism of ________ produces the same number of ATP molecules as glucose.
- lactose (Incorrect. Lactose is a disaccharide so has more carbon molecules than glucose: it would produce more ATP.)
- lipids (Incorrect. Lipid metabolism would produce more ATP than glucose because lipids store twice as much energy as carbohydrates.)
- galactose (Correct. Galactose and glucose metabolism produce the same number of ATP molecules because they have the same number of carbons.)
A: galactose

Q: ________ are more stable and efficient stores for chemical energy.
- ATP molecules (Incorrect. ATP is not particularly stable for long term energy storage.)
- Mitochondria (Incorrect. Mitochondria do not play any role in chemical energy storage.)
- Carbohydrates (Correct. Carbohydrates are the products of photosynthesis because they are more stable and efficient at storing energy for biological use.)
A: Carbohydrates

Q: The overall reaction for photosynthesis is ________.
- the continuation of cellular respiration (Incorrect. Photosynthesis does not build on the products of cellular respiration.)
- harmful to the planet due to its waste products (Incorrect. There is no such thing as “waste” in nature. The byproducts and products of photosynthesis connect directly with cellular respiration, and vice versa.)
- the reverse of cellular respiration (Correct. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis function in a biological cycle, allowing organisms to build and release energy.)
A: the reverse of cellular respiration