Title: Plant Reproduction
Course: Question Banks

Q: The sporophyte develops from the ________.
- haploid gametes (Incorrect. The sporophyte is not a haploid organism.)
- triploid megaspore (Incorrect. The sporophyte does not develop from a triploid megaspore.)
- diploid zygote (Correct. The sporophyte develops from the diploid zygote, which is produced by fusion of the haploid gametes.)
A: diploid zygote

Q: The ________ produces haploid gametes by mitosis.
- sporophyte (Incorrect. The sporophyte does not produce haploid gametes by mitosis.)
- sporangium (Incorrect. The sporangium does not produce haploid gametes by mitosis.)
- gametophyte (Correct. The haploid gametophyte produces male and female haploid gametes in distinct structures.)
A: gametophyte

Q: In vascular plants, the ________ is the dominant phase of the life cycle.
- sporangium (Incorrect. All plants have a sporangium but it is never a dominant phase of the lifecycle.)
- gametophyte (Incorrect. The haploid organism is the dominant phase of a nonvascular plants life cycle.)
- sporophyte (Correct. The sporophyte is dominant in “higher” vascular plants.)
A: sporophyte

Q: In gymnosperms, the ________ is the larger structure.
- male gametophyte (Incorrect. The male cone is much smaller in gymnosperm.)
- seed (Incorrect. The seed is a smaller structure contained with the female cone.)
- female gametophyte (Correct. The female gametophyte is the more familiar pine cone.)
A: female gametophyte

Q: ________ pollen is carried by wind.
- Angiosperms (Incorrect. Angiosperm pollen is not just wind-borne.)
- Bryophytes (Incorrect. Bryophyte sperm is carried by water.)
- Gymnosperms (Correct. Gymnosperm pollen is wind-borne.)
A: Gymnosperms

Q: In gymnosperms, the female gametophyte is contained within the ________.
- microsporophylls (Incorrect. Microsporophylls are the sites were microspores (male gametophytes) develop.)
- megasporophylls (Incorrect. Megasporophylls are the bracts on female cones.)
- archegonium (Correct. The archegonium contains the female gametophyte in gymnosperm cones.)
A: archegonium

Q: Mother microspores ultimately give rise to ________.
- two synergids (Incorrect. The two synergids are some of the cells produced by the haploid megaspore.)
- a tetrad (Incorrect. A tetrad is an intermediate structure in the division of a microspore.)
- four pollen grains (Correct. A mother microspore will undergo meiosis and mitosis during the process that forms four mature pollen grains.)
A: four pollen grains

Q: In angiosperms, mature pollen grains are released from the ________.
- pollen tube (Incorrect. The pollen tube is the tube used by the generative cells to enter the ovary.)
- style (Incorrect. The style is part of the female carpel.)
- anther (Correct. The microsporangia that the tip of the anther bursts, releasing mature pollen grains.)
A: anther

Q: The ________ allows the pollen tube to enter the embryo sac for fertilization.
- synergid (Incorrect. The two synergids help guide the pollen tube to the egg cell.)
- integument (Incorrect. The integument protects the megasporangium.)
- micropyle (Correct. The micropyle is an opening in the integument that allows the pollen tube to enter the embryo sac.)
A: micropyle

Q: In angiosperms, the female gametophyte is ________.
- exposed in the flower (Incorrect. Female gametophytes are not exposed on a flower.)
- on a separate structure from the male (Incorrect. Angiosperm male and female gametophytes are both part of the flower.)
- enclosed in an ovule (Correct. Angiosperm ovule enclose and protect the female gametophyte.)
A: enclosed in an ovule

Q: The ________ helps to protect the unopened bud.
- corolla (Incorrect. The corolla is the second whorl of a flower, comprised of petals.)
- gynoecium (Incorrect. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl and contains the female reproductive parts.)
- calyx (Correct. The calyx is the outermost whorl of the flower, composed of sepals that help protect the unopened bud.)
A: calyx

Q: The gynoecium is composed of ________.
- layers of petals (Incorrect. The corolla is the second whorl of a flower, comprised of petals.)
- sepals that help protect the unopened bud (Incorrect. The calyx is the outermost whorl of the flower, composed of sepals that help protect the unopened bud.)
- the stigma, style, and ovary (Correct. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl and contains the female reproductive parts.)
A: the stigma, style, and ovary

Q: Gladiolus and garlic reproduce asexually using a ________.
- bulb (Incorrect. Bulbs are used by lilies and daffodils for asexual reproduction.)
- stolon (Incorrect. A stolon, or runner, is used by strawberries and mint for asexual reproduction.)
- corm (Correct. The corm is a modified root used for asexual reproduction by garlic and gladiolus, among others.)
A: corm

Q: During ________, an ovule or ovary can give rise to a seed without fertilization occurring.
- grafting (Incorrect. Grafting does not involve the ovule or ovary.)
- adventitious rooting (Incorrect. Ivy plants use adventitious roots that arise from the plant body for asexual reproduction. This does not involve the ovary or ovule.)
- apomixis (Correct. Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction in which the female reproductive cell gives rise to a new seed.)
A: apomixis

Q: Asexual reproduction works best in ________.
- temperate climates (Incorrect. This is not necessarily the best environment for asexual reproduction.)
- stressful conditions (Incorrect. Asexual reproduction is not best suited for stressful conditions.)
- stable environments (Correct. Plants that reproduce asexually survive well in stable environmental conditions.)
A: stable environments

Q: The kalanchoe can reproduce asexually by ________.
- stolons (Incorrect. The kalanchoe does not use stolons for asexual reproduction.)
- adventitious roots (Incorrect. The kalanchoe does not use adventitious roots for asexual reproduction.)
- bud-bearing leaves (Correct. When these leaves detach from the main plant, they will grow into independent plants.)
A: bud-bearing leaves

Q: Grafting is commonly used in the ________ industry.
- potato (Incorrect. Potatoes are farmed by “cutting,” where the potato is cut into sections containing eyes and then planted.)
- floral (Incorrect. While some flowers, such as roses, can be grown by grafting, not many flowers are grown this way.)
- grape (Correct. Grapes and citrus are both grown by grafting a desirable scion to a stock.)
A: grape

Q: ________ requires a laboratory environment for plant propagation.
- Cutting (Incorrect. Cutting can be performed in a natural environment.)
- Layering (Incorrect. Layering can be performed in a natural environment.)
- Micropropagation (Correct. Plant tissue culture requires a sterile laboratory environment to quickly propagate a large number of plants in a short time.)
A: Micropropagation

Q: ________ have a life cycle of two years or more.
- Annuals (Incorrect. An annual completes its life cycle in one season.)
- Biennials (Incorrect. Biennials complete their life cycles in two seasons, not years.)
- Perennials (Correct. Perennials require two years or more to complete their life cycles.)
A: Perennials

Q: Fruit trees are ________ species that flower yearly.
- annual (Incorrect. No tree is an annual.)
- seasonal (Incorrect. While plants do flower at different times of the year, the term ‘seasonal’ is not officially used to indicate the frequency of flowering.)
- polycarpic (Correct. Some polycarpic species, like fruit trees, flower yearly.)
A: polycarpic

Q: The aging process in plants is known as ________.
- maturing (Incorrect. This term is not used to describe aging in plants.)
- ripening (Incorrect. This term is not used to describe aging in plants.)
- senescence (Correct. Senescence is the aging of a plant and the associated processes.)
A: senescence