Title: Features of the Animal Kingdom
Course: Question Banks

Q: Radially symmetrical animals have ________.
- a right and left side (Incorrect. Right and left sides are associated with bilateral symmetry.)
- no central axis (Incorrect. Only the asymmetric Parazoa lack a central axis.)
- a top and bottom (Correct. Radially symmetrical animals have a top and bottom surface, also known as the oral side and aboral side.)
A: a top and bottom

Q: The ________ change from bilateral to radial symmetry over the course of their life cycles.
- Parazoa (Incorrect. Sponges are always asymmetrical.)
- Ctenophora (Incorrect. Comb jellies are always radially symmetrical.)
- Echinodermata (Correct. The sea stars, sand dollars, and sea urchins will change from bilateral larvae to radially symmetrical adults.)
A: Echinodermata

Q: A ________ plane divides a bilateral animal into equal right and left halves.
- frontal (Incorrect. A frontal plane will divide an animal into front and back halves, which are often not equal.)
- transverse (Incorrect. A transverse plane will divide an animal into upper and lower portions; these are often not equal.)
- midsagittal (Correct. A midsagittal plane will divide an animal directly in the middle into equal right and left halves.)
A: midsagittal

Q: Aquatic bilateral animals often have a ________ shape to reduce drag.
- thin (Incorrect. An overall thin shape will not reduce drag.)
- reniform (Incorrect. A kidney-shaped body will not reduce drag.)
- fusiform (Correct. A tubular body tapered at both ends reduces drag on the body as it moves through the water.)
A: fusiform

Q: Most animals have a ________.
- cartilaginous skeleton (Incorrect. Few animals have a skeleton composed of cartilage, mainly just skates, rays, and sharks.)
- endoskeleton (Incorrect. An internal skeleton, composed of bone or cartilage, is not the most common skeletal type in animals.)
- exoskeleton (Correct. Most animals, including insects, arthropods, arachnids, and others, have a hard covering or shell that protects and provides attachments for muscles.)
A: exoskeleton

Q: The larger the size of an sphere, the ________ it has.
- less volume (Incorrect. Volume will increase as size increases.)
- more surface-to-volume (Incorrect. Surface-to-volume ratio will decrease as a sphere becomes larger. As a result, organisms must become multicellular in order to be larger past a certain size (microscopic).)
- less surface area (Correct. Reduced surface area slows diffusion. As a result, organisms must become multicellular in order to be larger past a certain size (microscopic).)
A: less surface area

Q: Coordination of motility in animals requires ________ tissues.
- epithelial and connective (Incorrect. Neither of these tissue is involved in coordination of movement.)
- bone and circulatory (Incorrect. Neither of these tissue is required for coordinated movement.)
- nerve and muscle (Correct. Both nerve tissue and muscle tissue are required for coordination of motility.)
A: nerve and muscle

Q: Animal diversity is so extensive because of ________.
- multicellularity (Incorrect. Plants are equally multicellular but not as diverse as animals.)
- redundancy and pluripotency of cells (Incorrect. These characteristics are not responsible for the abundance in animal diversity.)
- differentiation and specialization of tissues (Correct. The diversity and speciality of animal tissues allows for the incredible diversity in this kingdom.)
A: differentiation and specialization of tissues

Q: ________ have specialized cells, but these cells are not organized into tissues.
- Plants (Incorrect. Plants do have specialized tissues.)
- Eumetazoa (Incorrect. Eumetazoa, or “true animals,” are characterized by their specialized tissues.)
- Parazoa (Correct. The simple sponges have specialized cells but no tissues, unlike the rest of the animals.)
A: Parazoa

Q: ________ epithelial cells fit together to form a covering or lining.
- Cuboidal (Incorrect. These cube-shaped cells are normally present in glands where they secrete material.)
- Transitional (Incorrect. These round, simple cells appear only in the urinary system.)
- Squamous (Correct. These flat, irregularly round cells are coverings such as skin or linings such as those protecting the mouth.)
A: Squamous

Q: Multi-layered epithelial tissue is said to be ________.
- cuboidal (Incorrect. Cuboidal refers to the shape of individual cells, not the number of layers (or lack of layers) in an epithelial tissue.)
- simple (Incorrect. Simple epithelial tissue is composed of only a single layer of cells.)
- stratified (Correct. Stratified epithelial tissue is composed of multiple layers of cells.)
A: stratified

Q: ________ epithelial cells form a layer that unfolds and expands to hold a larger volume.
- Squamous (Incorrect. These flat, irregularly round cells are coverings such as skin or linings such as those protecting the mouth.)
- Cuboidal (Incorrect. These cube-shaped cells are normally present in glands where they secrete material.)
- Transitional (Correct. These round, simple cells appear only in the urinary system, primarily in the bladder and ureter.)
A: Transitional

Q: ________ fibers provide strength to connective tissues.
- Reticular (Incorrect. These fibers provide support to connective tissues and associated organs.)
- Elastic (Incorrect. These fibers provide flexibility.)
- Collagen (Correct. These fibers provide strength to connective tissues, preventing it from being torn or separated from surrounding tissues.)
A: Collagen

Q: ________ connective tissue is found in locations that are stressed from all directions, such as tendons or dermis.
- Areolar (Incorrect. Areolar tissue cannot be stressed from all sides.)
- Osseous (Incorrect. Osseous tissue is not found in locations that experience stress from all sides.)
- Fibrous (Correct. Fibrous connective tissue is designed to experience and handle stress from all sides.)
A: Fibrous

Q: ________ connective tissue has a consistency similar to a cotton ball pulled apart, in keeping with its role in holding vessels and organs in place.
- Fibrous (Incorrect. Irregular fibrous connective tissue makes up the dermis, while regular fibrous connective tissue makes up tendons and ligaments.)
- Adipose (Incorrect. Adipose, or fat tissue, is composed of adipocytes that store fat for energy metabolism.)
- Areolar (Correct. Also known as loose connective tissue, this is found around blood vessels and body organs.)
A: Areolar

Q: ________ muscle is the only type of muscle that is under voluntary control.
- Cardiac (Incorrect. Cardiac muscle is not under voluntary control; it must keep the heart beating.)
- Smooth (Incorrect. Smooth muscle is not under voluntary control; it composes the walls of blood vessels, digestive tract, and reproductive tract.)
- Skeletal (Correct. Skeletal muscles move bones and are under voluntary control.)
A: Skeletal

Q: Smooth muscle is a component of ________.
- skeletal muscles (Incorrect. There is no smooth muscle in skeletal muscles.)
- heart (Incorrect. Cardiac muscle makes up the heart.)
- visceral organs (Correct. Smooth muscle composes the walls of blood vessels, digestive tract, and reproductive tract.)
A: visceral organs

Q: ________ muscle is composed of cells with a single, centrally located nucleus and has striations.
- Smooth (Incorrect. Smooth muscle is composed of cells with a single, centrally located nucleus but it does not have striations.)
- Skeletal (Incorrect. Skeletal muscles are striated tissues with multinucleated cells with peripheral nuclei.)
- Cardiac (Correct. Cardiac muscle makes up the heart and is composed of striated fibers of cells with a single, central nucleus.)
A: Cardiac

Q: Nervous tissue is specialized to send and receive ________.
- chemical signals (Incorrect. Chemical messengers do have a role in nerve impulses, but many tissues send and receive chemical signals.)
- gravitational signals (Incorrect. Animal tissues are not generally specialized to respond to gravity’s signals.)
- electrical signals (Correct. Nerve tissues send and receive electrical impulses.)
A: electrical signals

Q: The ________ of a neuron receive signals.
- axon (Incorrect. Axons send signals.)
- astrocytes (Incorrect. Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that insulate axons to facilitate conduction of the electrical signal.)
- dendrites (Correct. Dendrites project from neurons and receive signals.)
A: dendrites

Q: A nerve is composed of ________.
- an axon and a dendrite (Incorrect. These make up a neuron, but not a nerve.)
- a dendrite and an astrocyte (Incorrect. These may be parts of the nerve, but is not a complete answer.)
- neuron and glial cells (Correct. A nerve must contain a neuron and the associated supportive glial cells.)
A: neuron and glial cells

Q: Some insects and vertebrates can reproduce asexually by ________.
- budding (Incorrect. Budding is the most common form of asexual reproduction for stationary aquatic animals.)
- fragmentation (Incorrect. Fragmentation is another common form of asexual reproduction for stationary aquatic animals.)
- parthenogenesis (Correct. Unfertilized eggs of some insects and a few vertebrates may develop into new male offspring to ensure genetic propagation.)
A: parthenogenesis

Q: Animals that undergo ________ metamorphosis appear quite different in larval and adult forms.
- incomplete (Incorrect. In incomplete morphogenesis, the young resemble the adult form of the animal.)
- transformational (Incorrect. There is no “transformational” metamorphosis.)
- complete (Correct. Complete metamorphosis involves larval forms that differ quite a bit from the adult form.)
A: complete

Q: The germ layers arise during the ________ stage of embryonic development.
- blastula (Incorrect. During the blastula stage, the zygote is formed into a hollow ball.)
- cleavage (Incorrect. This first stage of embryonic development is simply cell division to generate an eight-celled structure.)
- gastrula (Correct. Germ layers are formed during gastrulation, the third stage of embryonic development.)
A: gastrula

Q: The ________ gives rise to the muscle tissues, connective tissues, and most visceral organs.
- endoderm (Incorrect. The endoderm predominantly generates the lining of the digestive tract and the lining of the respiratory tract.)
- ectoderm (Incorrect. The ectoderm develops into the outer epithelial covering and the central nervous system predominantly.)
- mesoderm (Correct. This third germ layer, not present in animals with radial symmetry, gives rise to all muscles, the skeleton and blood cells, and most other visceral organs.)
A: mesoderm

Q: The ________ have a mesoderm region completely filled with tissue.
- pseudocoelomates (Incorrect. The pseudocoelomates have a pseudocoelom derived from mesoderm and endoderm.)
- eucoelomates (Incorrect. Animals with a true coelom have an internal body cavity derived entirely from mesoderm.)
- acoelomates (Correct. The acoelomates do not develop a coelom; hence their mesoderm is completely filled with tissue.)
A: acoelomates

Q: Protostomes undergo ________ cleavage patterns.
- spiral complete (Incorrect. There is no complete cleavage pattern.)
- radial indeterminate (Incorrect. Deuterostomes undergo radial, indeterminate cleavages during embryonic development.)
- spiral determinate (Correct. Protostomes undergo spiral, determinate cleavages during embryonic development.)
A: spiral determinate

Q: Homeostasis balances the internal environment of the body to stay at or near the ________.
- Goldilocks zone (Incorrect. This is actually an astronomy term for galactic regions that may have Earth-like planets.)
- effector (Incorrect. The effector is the mechanism that responds to the commands of the control center to achieve homeostasis.)
- set point (Correct. Adjustments must be made to keep the body regulated at or near a specific value for some aspect of the body or cells.)
A: set point

Q: The ________ is often the control center in animals that receives and processes environmental signals.
- heart (Incorrect. The heart is not generally the control center in animals.)
- endocrine system (Incorrect. The endocrine system is not generally the control center in animals.)
- brain (Correct. The brain is usually the control center in animals that determines the appropriate response to environmental signals.)
A: brain

Q: Physiological systems within the body are adjusted by ________.
- negative feedback loops (Incorrect. Negative feedback loops may play a role in body adjustments in some cases, but this is not the overall approach.)
- receptor-mediated regulation (Incorrect. This is not the correct term for how the body maintains homeostasis.)
- homeostatic regulation (Correct. Adjustments are made in response to changes in the environment in order to maintain a constant and balanced internal environment.)
A: homeostatic regulation

Q: A homeostatic response that changes the direction of a stimulus is a ________.
- positive feedback loop (Incorrect. A positive feedback loop continues the direction of a stimulus.)
- downregulation (Incorrect. Not all homeostatic responses of this nature result in “down”-regulation.)
- negative feedback loop (Correct. The stimulus is not allowed to continue as it did before the receptor sensed it in this type of homeostatic response.)
A: negative feedback loop

Q: Blood clotting is one of the few ________ that exists in animal bodies.
- downregulations (Incorrect. This is not what blood clotting represents..)
- negative feedback loops (Incorrect. Blood clotting is not a negative feedback loop.)
- positive feedback loops (Correct. A positive feedback loop continues the direction of a stimulus; in the case of blood clotting, once one clotting factor is activated, it triggers activation of the next and so on.)
A: positive feedback loops

Q: ________ occurs when changes are made in one body system to maintain set point in a different body system.
- Alteration (Incorrect. Alteration involves shifting the set point for a body system.)
- Activation (Incorrect. Activation is not a term used in homeostatic regulation.)
- Acclimatization (Correct. Acclimatization involves homeostatic regulation that utilizes changes in one system to maintain a different system’s set point.)
A: Acclimatization

Q: Due to the impact of heat on ________, it is essential for organisms to have some form of thermoregulation.
- nucleic acids (Incorrect. Nucleic acids are not as sensitive to heat changes as some other macromolecules.)
- fats (Incorrect. Fats are not as sensitive to heat changes as some other macromolecules.)
- proteins (Correct. Proteins, especially enzymes, are quite sensitive to temperature changes. Enzyme activity levels rise sharply with temperature increases, and all proteins denature quickly under high heat.)
A: proteins

Q: In advanced animals, homeostasis and ________ are centered in the hypothalamus.
- acclimatization (Incorrect. Acclimatization is not centered in the hypothalamus.)
- alteration (Incorrect. Alteration is not centered in the hypothalamus.)
- temperature control (Correct. In higher animals, the hypothalamus controls homeostasis and temperature regulation.)
A: temperature control

Q: A ________ is a normal defense mechanism meant to combat pathogen infection in a variety of ways.
- snotty nose (Incorrect. A snotty nose is not a defense mechanism combating pathogens.)
- blister (Incorrect. A blister is not a defense mechanism combating pathogens.)
- fever (Correct. Fevers are now understood to be a response to infection, not a complication of infection.)
A: fever

Q: ________ utilize internal energy sources to control their body temperature.
- Ectotherms (Incorrect. Ectotherms rely on external energy to dictate their body temperature.)
- Poikilotherms (Incorrect. Poikilotherms have constantly fluctuating body temperatures; this term does not specify the energy source that drives those fluctuations, though usually it is external environment.)
- Endotherms (Correct. Endotherms control their body temperature using internal energy sources.)
A: Endotherms

Q: Heat can be removed using liquid during the process of ________.
- convection (Incorrect. Convection is the process of dissipating heat using air on a surface.)
- conduction (Incorrect. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat between objects through physical contact.)
- evaporation (Correct. Evaporation is the process of dissipating heat using water on a surface.)
A: evaporation

Q: Endotherms use their ________ to help maintain body temperature.
- fur (Incorrect. Not all endotherms have fur, though those with fur use it to conserve body heat.)
- behavior (Incorrect. Ectotherms utilize behavioral changes to regulate their body temperature.)
- circulatory system (Correct. Changes in the circulatory system may conserve or dissipate heat, depending on an endotherm’s specific need.)
A: circulatory system