Title: Chapter 1: Essential Ideas
Course: Test

Q: A 0.150 kg metallic block measures 25.0 mm in length, 43.0 mm in width, and 19 .0 mm in height. What is the density of the metallic block in g/cm^3?
- 7.34 × 10^-6 g/cm^3
- 7.34 × 10^-3 g/cm^3
- 7.34 g/cm^3
A: 7.34 g/cm^3

Q: An object with a mass of 0.255 kg and density of 2.89 g/cm^3 measures 34 mm in length and 46 mm in width. What is the height of the object?
- 5.6 cm
- 5.6 × 10^-2 cm
- 7.2 × 10^-4 cm
A: 5.6 cm

Q: How would you determine the density of an irregular object?
- It would be impossible to determine the mass of the object without more information.
- D = m/v, so measure the mass of the object using a balance. Then to find volume, measure the height, width, and length using an appropriate measuring tool.
- D = m/v, so measure the mass of the object using a balance. Then to find volume, fill a graduated cylinder with a known amount of water and immerse the object in the water. The amount of displaced water is the volume in cm^3 or mL.
A: D = m/v, so measure the mass of the object using a balance. Then to find volume, fill a graduated cylinder with a known amount of water and immerse the object in the water. The amount of displaced water is the volume in cm^3 or mL.

Q: What is the base unit for length in the metric system?
- m
- km
- mm
A: m

Q: What is the base unit for mass in the metric system?
- kg
- g
- mg
A: g

Q: What is the base unit for volume in the metric system?
- L
- mL
- dL
A: L

Q: It is important that scientists use units that are understood on a global level. These units are referred to as SI units which stands for _____.
- standard international units
- standard intercontinental units
- international system of units
A: international system of units

Q: Convert 18.50 ft to the SI unit for length.
- 563.9 cm
- 5.639 m
- 0.005639 km
A: 5.639 m

Q: An experimental mouse weighs about 4.41 × 10^-2 lbs. What would the weight be in the SI unit for mass?
- 20.0 g
- 0.0200 kg
- 20,003 mg
A: 0.0200 kg

Q: Accuracy is defined as how close a measured value comes to a _____.
- core value
- fixed value
- true value
A: true value

Q: Precision is defined as how _____ the measured values are to one another.
- common
- reproducible
- accurate
A: reproducible

Q: An experiment requires you to make several measurements. Based on the values in the table below, what would be the best statement that represents the data set if the true value is 0.2135?

Trial A | Trial B | Trial C
0.2139 | 0.2893 | 0.2135
0.2130 | 0.3210 | 0.2134
0.2133 | 0.2999 | 0.3712
0.2135 | 0.2998 | 0.3715
- The measurements in Trial A are accurate and precise, Trial B is neither accurate nor precise, and Trial C is accurate however, not precise.
- The measurements in Trial A are accurate and precise, Trial B is neither accurate nor precise, and Trial C is precise however, not accurate.
- The measurements in Trial A are accurate and precise, Trial’s B and C are neither accurate nor precise.
A: The measurements in Trial A are accurate and precise, Trial’s B and C are neither accurate nor precise.

Q: An experiment requires you to make several measurements. Based on the values in the table below, what would be the best statement that represents the data set if the true value is 2.73?

Trial A | Trial B | Trial C
2.73 | 3.00 | 2.77
3.05 | 3.03 | 2.79
3.09 | 2.99 | 3.31
2.44 | 3.01 | 2.05
- The measurements in Trial B are precise, however, not accurate. Trial’s A and C are neither accurate nor precise.
- The measurements in Trial B are accurate, however, not precise. Trial’s A and C are neither accurate nor precise.
- The measurements in Trial’s A, B, and C are neither accurate nor precise.
A: The measurements in Trial B are precise, however, not accurate. Trial’s A and C are neither accurate nor precise.

Q: Which of the following would be considered a chemical change?
- a rusting nail
- melting ice
- crushing an aluminum can
A: a rusting nail

Q: Which of the following would be considered a physical change?
- digesting food
- burning paper
- boiling water
A: boiling water

Q: A salt water solution is classified as what type of matter?
- homogeneous mixture
- heterogeneous mixture
- pure substance
A: homogeneous mixture

Q: How many significant figures are in 0.0000401 kg?
- 3
- 7
- 2
A: 3

Q: How many significant figures are in 0.20 L?
- 3
- 1
- 2
A: 2

Q: Express 1.40 × 10^-3 L in decimal notation.
- 0.00140 L
- 0.0014 L
- 0.001 L
A: 0.00140 L

Q: What is the answer for the following calculation: (1.249 - 0.0234) × 139.37?
- 170.812
- 170.8
- 170.81
A: 170.8

Q: What is the SI unit for mass?
- kilogram
- gram
- milligram
A: kilogram

Q: What is the SI unit for length?
- meter
- kilometer
- millimeter
A: meter

Q: What is the SI unit for temperature?
- Celsius
- Fahrenheit
- kelvin
A: kelvin

Q: How many grams of iron are in 350 mg of iron?
- 3.50 g
- 0.350 g
- 35.0 g
A: 0.350 g

Q: The prefix milli- in the metric system represents a factor of _____.
- 10^3
- 10^-3
- 1/10^-3
A: 10^-3

Q: The prefix kilo- in the metric system represents a factor of _____.
- 10^3
- 10^-3
- 1/10^3
A: 10^3

Q: The prefix nano- in the metric system represents a factor of _____.
- 10^9
- 10^-6
- 10^-9
A: 10^-9

Q: An explanation for the collection of observations is considered a _____.
- theory
- law
- hypothesis
A: theory

Q: A statement about mass always being conserved in a chemical reaction is an example of a _____.
- hypothesis
- theory
- law
A: law

Q: The scientific method involves various techniques which allow researchers to investigate scientific questions through _____ and _____.
- analysis and observations
- observations and experimentation
- analysis and predictions
A: observations and experimentation

Q: Why has Galileo been called the father of modern science?
- because he made observations and conducted experiments
- because he discovered electrochemical cells
- because he was a philosopher
A: because he made observations and conducted experiments

Q: List the basic steps of the scientific method process in the order they must be carried out.
- observation, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation, and conclusion
- hypothesis, observation, prediction, experimentation, and conclusion
- prediction, observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion
A: observation, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation, and conclusion

Q: Which of the following is not part of the scientific method process?
- observation
- prediction
- discussion
A: discussion

Q: Which of the following would be a good example of an observation in the scientific method process?
- a researcher watching a chemical reaction
- a researcher watching a chemical reaction and noting color and temperature changes
- a researcher setting up a chemical reaction in a flask and allowing it to stir for 2 hours
A: a researcher watching a chemical reaction and noting color and temperature changes

Q: Which of the following would be a good example of an observation in the scientific method process?
- a physician observing a patient's reaction to some medication
- a physician observing his watch
- a physician speaking with and observing a patient in an examination room
A: a physician observing a patient's reaction to some medication

Q: Which of the following would be good tools for making scientific observations during a chemical reaction?
- barometer, thermometer, scale
- thermometer, your eyes, clock
- thermometer, your eyes, tape measure
A: thermometer, your eyes, clock

Q: Which of the following would be a good tool for making scientific observations after isolating a solid product from a chemical reaction?
- balance
- clock
- tape measure
A: balance

Q: What can be used to measure the mass of an object?
- balance
- tape measure
- caliper
A: balance

Q: Which of the following would be a good example of a hypothesis in the scientific method process?
- a researcher considers that the more sunlight a green plant receives, the larger the plant will grow
- a researcher wonders amount the effect of more sunlight on green plant growth
- a researcher watches as a green plant exposed to more sunlight grows over a period of 1 month
A: a researcher considers that the more sunlight a green plant receives, the larger the plant will grow

Q: Which of the following would be a good example of a hypothesis in the scientific method process?
- a clinician confirms that taking a vitamin every day will decrease the level of tiredness in people
- a clinician tells a patient that taking a vitamin every day, may decrease the level of tiredness in people
- a clinician contemplates that taking a vitamin every day, may decrease the level of tiredness in people
A: a clinician contemplates that taking a vitamin every day, may decrease the level of tiredness in people

Q: Which of the following would be a good example of a hypothesis in the scientific method process?
- a botanist adds 20 mL of water to his plants on a daily basis and he notices a healthy growth, therefore, he believes that adding 40 mL of water on a daily basis will enhance their growth further
- a botanist adds 20 mL of water to his plants on a daily basis and he notices a healthy growth
- a botanist adds 20 mL of water to his plants on a daily basis and he notices a healthy growth, therefore, adding 40 mL of water on a daily basis will definitely enhance their growth further
A: a botanist adds 20 mL of water to his plants on a daily basis and he notices a healthy growth, therefore, he believes that adding 40 mL of water on a daily basis will enhance their growth further

Q: Once a hypothesis has been established, it can be tested by conducting an _____.
- observation
- experiment
- analysis
A: experiment

Q: Which statement is correct about the scientific method process?
- after testing a hypothesis, a conclusion can be drawn on whether it will be accepted or rejected
- after testing an observation, a conclusion can be drawn on whether it will be accepted or rejected
- after testing a conclusion, it can be predicted whether a hypothesis will be accepted or rejected
A: after testing a hypothesis, a conclusion can be drawn on whether it will be accepted or rejected

Q: Why is chemistry considered a central science?
- because it is a core course required for most majors in college
- because it is the fundamental science for many other disciplines
- because it is very important in medicine
A: because it is the fundamental science for many other disciplines

Q: What is applied research?
- it deals primarily with solving practical real-world problems
- it deals primarily with solving practical laboratory problems
- it deals primarily with the fundamentals of science that may result in future applications
A: it deals primarily with solving practical real-world problems

Q: What is basic research?
- it deals primarily with solving practical real-world problems
- it deals primarily with the fundamentals of science that may result in future applications
- it deals primarily with solving practical laboratory problems
A: it deals primarily with the fundamentals of science that may result in future applications

Q: Which of the following is an example of applied research?
- a researcher tries to develop a new anti-cancer drug
- a researcher tries to extract a newly found natural product from plants to study its medicinal properties
- a researcher studies a hormone and its prospect as a cell signaling molecule
A: a researcher tries to develop a new anti-cancer drug

Q: Which of the following is an example of applied research?
- a researcher tries to extract a newly found natural product from plants to study its medicinal properties
- a researcher tries to study the effect of a new drug on HIV-inhibition
- a researcher studies a hormone and its prospect as a cell signaling molecule
A: a researcher tries to study the effect of a new drug on HIV-inhibition

Q: Which of the following is an example of basic research?
- a researcher tries to study the effect of a new drug on HIV-inhibition
- a researcher tries to develop a new anti-cancer drug
- a researcher studies a hormone and its prospect as a cell signaling molecule
A: a researcher studies a hormone and its prospect as a cell signaling molecule

Q: Which is of the following is an example of a physical property?
- carbon monoxide is poisonous
- acids are sour and bases are bitter
- an iron nail rusts
A: acids are sour and bases are bitter

Q: Which is of the following is an example of a physical property?
- water freezes at 273.15 K
- carbon monoxide is poisonous
- an iron nail rusts
A: water freezes at 273.15 K

Q: Which is of the following is an example of a physical property?
- lead forming lead oxide in the presence of air
- the color of paint
- digestion
A: the color of paint

Q: Which is of the following is an example of a chemical property?
- water boils at 100 °C
- acids are sour and bases are bitter
- an iron nail rusts
A: an iron nail rusts

Q: Which is of the following is an example of a chemical property?
- water boils at 100 °C
- carbon monoxide is poisonous
- a copper penny weighs 3.00 g
A: carbon monoxide is poisonous

Q: The following is an example of a chemical change.
- cutting paper
- burning paper
- folding paper
A: burning paper

Q: The following is an example of a chemical change.
- shredding paper
- decomposing waste
- dissolving sugar
A: decomposing waste

Q: A website claims that there is a natural cure for all cancers; however, doctors do not want to recommend natural remedies because it would make them obsolete. Is this statement logical?
- yes, doctors can cure all patients
- yes, doctors can cure some patients with natural remedies
- no, doctors cannot cure all patients and regardless of treatment, some patients still remain ill and die
A: no, doctors cannot cure all patients and regardless of treatment, some patients still remain ill and die