Title: Death and Dying
Course: Question Banks

Q: How has the leading cause of death changed from 1900 to the present-day in the United States?
- It has shifted from chronic diseases to infectious diseases. (Incorrect. Remember, in 1900, infectious diseases were more common than chronic diseases.)
- It has shifted from chronic diseases to unintentional accidents. (Incorrect. Remember, chronic diseases were not as common in the past as they are now.)
- It has shifted from unintentional accidents to infectious diseases. (Incorrect. Remember, infectious diseases were more common in 1900 than unintentional accidents were.)
- It has shifted from infectious diseases to chronic diseases. (Correct! In the 1900s the most common cause of death was infectious disease, which resulted in quick death. This has now shifted to chronic diseases, which tend to result in a slower dying process.)
A: It has shifted from infectious diseases to chronic diseases.

Q: Which of the following are the two current top causes of death that are not related to physical illness?
- starvation and dehydration (Incorrect. Starvation and dehydration are not the two leading causes of death in the United States that are not related to physical illness.)
- starvation and drowning (Incorrect. Starvation and drowning are not the two leading causes of death in the United States that are not related to physical illness)
- accidents and homicides (Incorrect. Accidents and homicides are not the two leading causes of death in the United States that are not related to physical illness.)
- accidents and suicides (Correct! Of the top 10 causes of death in the United States, accidents and suicides are the two that are not related to physical illness.)
A: accidents and suicides

Q: What is one way in which the leading cause of death varies between age groups in the United States?
- Unintentional injury is the most prevalent until age 24, but becomes the least prevalent for ages 25 and older. (Incorrect. The leading cause of death does not vary this way between age groups.)
- Cancer is the most prevalent until age 24, but becomes the least prevalent for ages 25 and older. (Incorrect. The leading cause of death does not vary this way between age groups.)
- Cancer is the most prevalent until age 44, but becomes less prevalent for ages 45 and older. (Incorrect. The leading cause of death does not vary this way between age groups.)
- Unintentional injury is the most prevalent until age 44, but becomes less prevalent for ages 45 and older. (Correct! For individuals in this age group, the most common cause of death is unintentional injury. This changes by age 45, however, as cancer and heart disease become more prevalent.)
A: Unintentional injury is the most prevalent until age 44, but becomes less prevalent for ages 45 and older.

Q: What does physiological death refer to?
- The exclusion of the individual from social groups. (Incorrect. Physiological death does not refer to the exclusion of the individual from social groups.)
- The individual's regression into the self. (Incorrect. Physiological death does not refer to the individual's regression into the self)
- The occurrence of a vegetative state. (Incorrect. A vegetative state is not considered to be an indicator of physiological death.)
- The ceasing of vital organs to function. (Correct! Physiological death occurs when the individual's vital organs no longer function.)
A: The ceasing of vital organs to function.

Q: Mae has fought a chronic condition for many years and is now on hospice. When her nurse notices her lack of desire to eat, restlessness, and her gasping labored, breaths, known as ________, she knows the physiological death is near.
- brain stem death (Incorrect. While these labored breaths are associated with slowing function in the brainstem, this is the incorrect term.)
- early coma (Incorrect. A coma occurs when a person is in a deep state of unconsciousness and is not associated with this type of breathing during physiological death.)
- vegetative breathing (Incorrect. Vegetative breathing is not a term; a vegetative state occurs when the cerebral context no longer registers electrical activity but the brain stems continues to be active.)
- agonal breathing (Correct! Agonal breathing refers to gasping, labored breaths caused by an abnormal pattern of brainstem reflex, and is often noticed just prior to death.)
A: agonal breathing

Q: Which type of death is characterized by the failure of vital organs, often resulting in difficulty with eating and breathing?
- Social (That's incorrect. Social death is not characterized by the failure of vital organs, often resulting in difficulty with eating and breathing.)
- Psychological (That's incorrect. Psychological death is not characterized by the failure of vital organs, often resulting in difficulty with eating and breathing.)
- Behavioral (That's incorrect. Behavioral death is not discussed as an aspect of death in the previous text.)
- Physiological (That's correct. Physiological death is characterized by the failure of vital organs, often resulting in difficulty with eating and breathing.)
A: Physiological

Q: What is the difference between social death and psychological death?
- Social death occurs when the dying individual withdraws from others, while psychological death occurs when individuals withdraw from the dying individual. (Incorrect. Remember that psychological death occurs when the dying individual regresses into the self and withdraws from others.)
- Social death occurs when the dying individual is no longer able to speak or interact, while psychological death occurs when others withdraw from the dying individual. (Incorrect. The inability to speak or interact is characteristic of physiological death..)
- Social death occurs when others accept the impending death of the dying individual, while psychological death occurs when the dying individual accepts his/her own death. (Incorrect. Neither social death or psychological death involve acceptance of the impending death by either the dying individual or his/her acquaintances.)
- Social death occurs when individuals withdraw from the dying individual, while psychological death occurs when the individual withdraws from others. (Correct! This is the main difference between social death and psychological death.)
A: Social death occurs when individuals withdraw from the dying individual, while psychological death occurs when the individual withdraws from others.

Q: Which of the following describes a common theme in effective interventions for dying individuals?
- medication and physical therapy (Incorrect. Although some dying individuals may receive medications and physical therapy, these are used in select cases that meet certain criteria. They are not widely used interventions for dying individuals.)
- pain management and behavioral therapy (Incorrect. Although some dying individuals may receive pain management therapies, this treatment is not applied to all cases. Behavioral therapy is not a common intervention for dying individuals either, as this is commonly used to change negative behavior patterns.)
- self-empowerment and cognitive therapy (Incorrect. Although these may be incorporated into treatments for dying individuals, they are not both common across the majority of cases. Cognitive therapy is used to address problems such as phobias or negative self-defeating thought patterns to help individuals function better in their daily lives.)
- self-empowerment and autonomy (Correct! Interventions that help dying individuals maintain a sense of self-empowerment and autonomy have been found to benefit individuals throughout the dying process.)
A: self-empowerment and autonomy

Q: Harvey, who is suffering from poor health in a nursing home, is told by the doctor that he will probably not live another six months. Harvey tries to remain positive, but visits from his family and friends become more infrequent and the doctors and nurses seem to avoid him. Which aspect of death is characterized by this behavior?
- Physiological (That's incorrect. Physiological death is not characterized by decreased interaction with the dying individual by others.)
- Psychological (That's incorrect. Psychological death is not characterized by decreased interaction with the dying individual by others.)
- Behavioral (That's incorrect. Behavioral death is not characterized by decreased interaction with the dying individual by others.)
- Social (That's correct. Social death occurs when others decrease or stop their interaction with the dying individual.)
A: Social

Q: Which of the following statements most accurately describes the influence of culture on perceptions and attitudes toward death?
- Culture provides a strict set of guidelines for the development of these perceptions and attitudes that is the same for all individuals. (Incorrect. Culture does not provide a strict set of guidelines for the development of these perceptions and attitudes, and these are not the same for all individuals.)
- Culture determines relevant ceremonial practices, but it does not how individuals conceptualize and feel about death. (Incorrect. The influence of culture is not limited to the determination of ceremonial practices.)
- Culture determines individual perceptions and attitudes toward death, but has no influence on ceremonial practices. (Incorrect. Culture actually has substantial influence on ceremonial practices.)
- Culture provides a general framework and influence for the development of these perceptions and attitudes. (Correct! Culture helps to shape the way in which individuals conceptualize and feel about death, but allows for variation in individual views.)
A: Culture provides a general framework and influence for the development of these perceptions and attitudes.

Q: What is a major function of ceremonies such as funerals and memorial services?
- They ensure that surviving individuals will forget about the death. (Incorrect. These ceremonies do not cause or encourage surviving individuals to forget about the death.)
- They ensure that surviving individuals will not experience PTSD. (Incorrect. These ceremonies do not ensure that PTSD will not occur.)
- They provide the surviving individuals with a definitive point for moving on. (Incorrect. These ceremonies do not provide a definitive point for any aspect of the grieving process. The key here is "definitive"—these ceremonies can provide a starting point for some people to move on, but this is subjective and a matter of perception.)
- They provide the surviving individuals with a sense of closure. (Correct! These ceremonies help survivors obtain a sense of closure in regards to the death.)
A: They provide the surviving individuals with a sense of closure.

Q: How does the fading affect bias work to influence the way in which surviving individuals perceive death?
- It causes the individual to feel less intense emotion in general (Incorrect. Fading affect bias does not apply to all types of emotion..)
- It causes the individual to stop feeling any emotion all together. (Incorrect. Fading affect bias does not reduce the general emotion that individuals experience. It applies to the emotions associated with certain types of events.)
- It causes the individual to experience only positive emotion (Incorrect. Fading affect bias does not cause positive emotion, or any type of emotion to be experienced.)
- It causes negative events to lose intensity faster than positive events. (Correct! Fading affect bias suggests that negative events become less intense more quickly than positive events. This causes the way in which individuals perceive death to change over time. Immediately following the death, surviving individuals may hold more extreme negative perceptions of death, which begin to fade as time goes on.)
A: It causes negative events to lose intensity faster than positive events.

Q: Which of the following describes a difference between bereavement and grief?
- Bereavement is internal, while grief is external. (Incorrect. Remember, bereavement refers to how grief is expressed by individuals in a behavioral sense, including but not limited to crying, looking at photographs, and praying.)
- Bereavement is ongoing, while grief occurs once. (Incorrect. Grief is not a singly occurring event. It is something that continues over time following a loss.)
- Bereavement occurs once, while grief is ongoing. (Incorrect. Bereavement is not a singly occurring event. Similarly to grief, it is ongoing and continues over time throughout the grieving process.)
- Bereavement is external, while grief is internal. (Correct! Bereavement refers to outward expressions of grief, while grief refers to the internally experienced emotional state.)
A: Bereavement is external, while grief is internal.

Q: Which of the following correctly describes anticipatory grief?
- Anticipatory grief occurs when the loss is unexpected. (Incorrect. It looks like you got this mixed up. Unexpected loss is not associated with unexpected grief. Unexpected loss occurs when the individual does not have time to prepare for the loss, and this can sometimes result in complex grief.)
- Anticipatory grief occurs when grief must be hidden (Incorrect. It looks like you got this mixed up. Grief that must be hidden refers to disenfranchised grief.)
- Anticipatory grief occurs when the grief involves family (Incorrect. Anticipatory grief is not necessarily limited to family. It can occur when losses are experienced involving non-family members also.)
- Anticipatory grief occurs when the loss is expected. (Correct! Anticipatory grief occurs when the loss is expected and individuals have time to prepare for it.)
A: Anticipatory grief occurs when the loss is expected.

Q: What is the difference between complicated grief and disenfranchised grief?
- Complicated grief involves grief that must be hidden, while disenfranchised grief involves a set of maladaptive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors (Incorrect. Remember, disenfranchised grief involves grief that must be hidden and dealt with privately.)
- Complicated grief involves maladaptive thoughts and emotions, while disenfranchised grief involves maladaptive behaviors (Incorrect. Maladaptive thoughts and emotions are not specific to certain types of grief.)
- Complicated grief involves maladaptive behaviors, while disenfranchised grief involves maladaptive thoughts and emotions (Incorrect. Complicated grief and disenfranchised grief are not separately associated with maladaptive behaviors, cognitions, or emotions.)
- Complicated grief involves a distinct set of maladaptive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, while disenfranchised grief refers to grief that must be hidden (Correct! This describes the main difference between complicated grief and disenfranchised grief.)
A: Complicated grief involves a distinct set of maladaptive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, while disenfranchised grief refers to grief that must be hidden

Q: Which of the following best describes Kubler-Ross' five stages of loss?
- A definite set of stages that are the same for every individual facing death (Incorrect. The way in which the stages of Kubler-Ross’ model are experienced are not necessarily the same for all individuals. A number of factors, both personal and external, can affect how they occur for different individuals.)
- A sequence of experiences that occur separately and in the same order for everyone. (Incorrect. Kubler-Ross’ stages of loss can actually occur simultaneously, and they do not necessarily occur in the same way for all individuals.)
- A sequence of experiences that occur in a set order based on gender. (Incorrect. The way in which Kubler-Ross’ stages of loss occur is not determined by gender.)
- A framework for understanding the experiences of an individual who is dying (Correct! Kubler-Ross' five stages of loss provide a framework to help us understand what an individual goes through psychologically when given news of their impending death.)
A: A framework for understanding the experiences of an individual who is dying

Q: Which of the following summarizes the stages of loss from Kubler-Ross' model in the order that this model presents them?
- denial, confusion, bargaining, depression, happiness (Incorrect. Happiness and confusion are not stages in Kubler-Ross’ model. This model presents the grieving process as a progressive experience, gradually becoming more positive, but these two emotions are not included.)
- confusion, anger, depression, denial, happiness (Incorrect. Remember, happiness and confusion are not stages in the Kubler-Ross' model.)
- confusion, denial, depression, bargaining, anger (Incorrect. These are the stages of loss presented by Kubler-Ross' model. Remember, this model does not include confusion, and the final stage in the model is the most positive of all the stages, symbolizing the individual reaching a point where he/she can deal with the loss in a positive way.)
- denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance (Correct! These are the stages of loss from Kubler-Ross' model, in the correct order. The idea behind this order is that individuals experience each one in a progressive manner, gradually leading up to acceptance.)
A: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Q: What is considered to be adaptive about the five stages of loss presented by Kubler-Ross' model?
- The stages of loss guarantee that the individual will be able to cope with what is happening in an effective way (Incorrect. The stages of loss do not guarantee effective coping. Remember, they are a set of progressive stages that individuals experience as they work through loss. Although these stages can be helpful in the grieving process, they do not on their own guarantee anything.)
- The stages of loss can be experienced as a way to prevent the individual from experiencing complicated grief (Incorrect. The stages of loss do not prevent complicated grief from being experienced. Complicated grief is characterized by maladaptive emotions and behaviors that can occur as the individual progresses through the stages of grief.)
- The stages of loss can be experienced as a way to prevent the individual from experiencing disenfranchised grief (Incorrect. Disenfranchised grief occurs when the individual must hide his/her grief and experience it in private. The stages of loss do not prevent this.)
- The stages of loss serve as cognitive defense mechanisms that give the individual time to process what is happening (Correct! The stages of loss are considered to be cognitive defense mechanisms that allow the individual to make sense of the situation and come to terms with what is happening.)
A: The stages of loss serve as cognitive defense mechanisms that give the individual time to process what is happening

Q: How do the stages of loss relate to grief?
- The stages of loss occur before grief is experienced. (Incorrect. The stages of loss and grief are not separately occuring. They happen simultaneously and often influence each other.)
- Grief occurs before the stages of loss are experienced. (Incorrect. Grief and the stages of loss do not happen in a particular order.)
- Individuals who are grieving do not experience the stages of loss. (Incorrect. The stages of loss and grief overlap quite a bit, and both are experienced by individuals who have experienced a loss.)
- The stages of loss can support positive coping with grief. (Correct! The stages of loss are experienced by individuals in grief, and can facilitate positive coping. For example, denial can serve as a cognitive defense mechanism to allow the individual some time to process what is happening.)
A: The stages of loss can support positive coping with grief.

Q: Which of the following describes a key feature of the Kubler-Ross model of grief?
- It involves one single stage that all individuals experience in a similar way (Incorrect. The Kubler-Ross model is not restricted to only one stage of grief.)
- It can only be applied to females, and is not applicable to grief experienced by males (Incorrect. The Kubler-Ross model is not gender-specific.)
- Kubler-Ross' model is restricted to individuals under 40 years of age, and is not applicable to older individuals (Incorrect. The Kubler-Ross model is not age-specific.)
- It involves five stages that individuals progress through, each characterized by unique cognitions, emotions, and behaviors (Correct! Kubler-Ross’ model encompassed five stages of grief including (a) denial, (b) anger, (c) bargaining, (d) depression, and (e) acceptance.)
A: It involves five stages that individuals progress through, each characterized by unique cognitions, emotions, and behaviors

Q: Which of the following describes a key feature of Worden's (1991) model of grief?
- It involves five stages that the individual experiences throughout the grieving process, including (a) denial, (b) anger, (c) bargaining, (d) depression, and (e) acceptance (Incorrect. This describes Kubler-Ross’ model of grief.)
- It involves four stages that the individual experiences throughout the grieving process, including (a) shock, (b) yearning, (c) despair, and (d) recovery (Incorrect. This describes Parkes’ model of grief.)
- It involves one single task that must be successfully completed to resolve the grief (Incorrect. This is not a key feature of Worden's (1991) model of grief.)
- It involves four different tasks that must be successfully completed to resolve the grief, including (a) accepting that the loss has occurred, (b) working through and experiencing the pain associated with grief, (c) adjusting the the changes that the loss created in the environment, and (d) moving past the loss on an emotional level (Correct! Worden's model is comprised of these four tasks.)
A: It involves four different tasks that must be successfully completed to resolve the grief, including (a) accepting that the loss has occurred, (b) working through and experiencing the pain associated with grief, (c) adjusting the the changes that the loss created in the environment, and (d) moving past the loss on an emotional level

Q: Which of the following describes a key feature of Strobe and Shut's (1999) model of grief?
- The successful completion of specific progressive stages that include shock, yearning, despair, and recovery. (Incorrect. This describes Parkes’ (1998) model of grief.)
- The successful completion of five stages that include denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. (Incorrect. This describes Kubler-Ross’ model of grief.)
- An ongoing set of processes that relate to loss, but not restoration. (Incorrect. Strobe and Shutt's (1999) model of grief is not limited to processes that relate only to loss.)
- An ongoing set of processes that relate to both loss and restoration. (Correct! This is a key feature of Strobe and Shutt's (1999) model of grief. The loss-oriented processes included (a) grief work, (b) intrusion on grief, (c) denying or avoiding changes toward restoration, and (d) the breaking of bonds or ties. The restoration-oriented processes included (a) attending to life changes, (b) distracting oneself from grief, (c) doing new things, and (d) establishing new roles, identities, and relationships.)
A: An ongoing set of processes that relate to both loss and restoration.

Q: What type of training have doctors who specialize in palliative care had that distinguishes them from other doctors?
- Training to select and administer special kinds of pain management medications. (Incorrect. Although palliative care doctors receive standard training in administering pain medication, this is not the specialized training that distinguishes them from other doctors.)
- Training to select and administer special kinds of psychotropic medications for depression. (Incorrect. Although palliative care doctors receive standard training in depression medications, this is not the specialized training that distinguishes them from other doctors.)
- Training to help patients use non-medication pain management strategies. (Incorrect. Although palliative care doctors may have training in alternative pain management strategies, this is not the specialized training that distinguishes them from other doctors.)
- Training to help patients and their families cope with the reality of the impending death. (Correct! Palliative care doctors have had additional and specialized training in this regard, as their work generally requires it.)
A: Training to help patients and their families cope with the reality of the impending death.

Q: What is a key aspect of the work that palliative care doctors do?
- Help dying individuals be able to return home rather than stay in the hospital (Incorrect. Palliative care doctors don't necessarily do this, and it is not a main goal of their work. In some cases, dying individuals may be able to return home, but this is not a key aspect of palliative care.)
- Help dying individuals and their families return to a normal lifestyle as soon as possible (Incorrect. Although palliative care doctors may work with families through the grieving process, getting them to return to a normal lifestyle quickly is not a key aspect of their work.)
- Help dying individuals stay alive as long as possible by any means necessary (Incorrect. Although palliative care doctors may administer medication to help with pain, they do not work to prolong life for dying individuals.)
- Help dying individuals and their families understand what is happening and what it may imply (Correct! A major aspect of what palliative care doctors do is help their patients and patients' families understand the circumstances of the impending death, and what can be expected after it happens.)
A: Help dying individuals and their families understand what is happening and what it may imply

Q: Which of the following distinguishes palliative care from regular medical treatment?
- It has a stronger focus on pain management than regular medical treatment (Incorrect. A strong focus on pain management is not a distinguishing feature of palliative care.)
- It involves more all-natural approaches than regular medical treatment (Incorrect. The use of all-natural treatments describes homeopathy, and is not a distinguishing feature of palliative care.)
- It involves stronger pain management medications than regular medical treatment (Incorrect. Although palliative care seeks to make the dying individual as pain-free as possible, specialized pain management medications are not a distinguishing feature.)
- It has a more holistic focus than regular medical treatment (Correct! Palliative care is more holistic, in that it goes beyond medical treatment to include factors such as understanding and coping with the impending death.)
A: It has a more holistic focus than regular medical treatment

Q: What is a major goal of hospice care?
- To prolong life for dying patients as long as possible (Incorrect. Hospice care does not seek to prolong the lives of dying individuals.)
- To ensure that dying individuals receive adequate medical treatment (Incorrect. Ensuing that dying individuals receive adequate medical treatment is not a major goal of hospice care.)
- To help families pay for funeral expenses after the death (Incorrect. Although hospice care workers may provide emotional support for families while they are grieving, it does not provide funding for funeral expenses.)
- To help dying patients be as free from pain as possible (Correct! Helping patients remain as pain free as possible during the dying process is a major goal of hospice care.)
A: To help dying patients be as free from pain as possible

Q: What is usually not included in hospice care?
- Emotional support for families (Incorrect. Emotional support for families is included in hospice care.)
- A supportive environment for patients (Incorrect. Creating a supportive environment for patients is an important part of hospice care.)
- Social support for the families (Incorrect. Social support for families is included in hospice care.)
- Medical treatment of disease (Correct! Hospice care does not include medical treatments for disease.)
A: Medical treatment of disease

Q: Which of the following is usually included in hospice care?
- Invasive medical treatment for dying individuals (Incorrect. Hospice care does not provide invasive medical treatments.)
- Feeding and breathing tubes for dying individuals (Incorrect. Hospice care does not include feeding and breathing tubes for dying individuals.)
- Intensive drug-based treatments for dying individuals (Incorrect. Hospice care does not include these types of treatments.)
- Help for family members coping with grief and bereavement (Correct! Hospice care provides support for family members through grief and bereavement.)
A: Help for family members coping with grief and bereavement

Q: Which of the following accurately describes Dame Cicely Saunders' view on the pain experienced by dying individuals and their families?
- These individuals experience only physical pain that sometimes cannot be treated (Incorrect. Dame Cicely Saunders' view is not limited to physical pain only.)
- Pain during this time is only experienced by the dying individual (Incorrect. Dame Cicely Saunders' view does not limit pain to being experienced only by the dying individual.)
- Pain during this time is only experienced by the dying individual's family (Incorrect. Dame Cicely Saunders' view does not limit pain to being experienced only by the dying individual’s family.)
- These individuals experience multiple types of pain that go beyond physical pain (Correct! According to Dame Cicely Saunders' view, the dying process involved more than just physical pain.)
A: These individuals experience multiple types of pain that go beyond physical pain

Q: What types of issues does bureaucratic pain encompass?
- Physical pain associated with the dying process (Incorrect. Bureaucratic pain does not encompass this.)
- The loss of memory associated with the dying process (Incorrect. Bureaucratic pain does not encompass this.)
- Depression and anger associated with the dying process (Incorrect. Bureaucratic pain does not encompass this.)
- Bills and legal matters associated with the dying process (Correct! Bureaucratic pain, according to Dame Cicely Saunders, encompasses the stress of dealing with legal matters associated with the dying individual.)
A: Bills and legal matters associated with the dying process

Q: Which of the following accurately describes intellectual pain?
- The loss of ability to recognize others, but not declining memory (Incorrect. Declining memory is actually a key feature of intellectual pain.)
- Physical pain that cannot be treated with medication (Incorrect. Intellectual pain does not involve physical pain or its medication.)
- Emotional pain and depression that cannot be treated with medication (Incorrect. Intellectual pain does not involve untreatable emotional pain and depression.)
- Declining memory and the loss of ability to recognize others (Correct! Intellectual pain occurs when the individual’s cognitive abilities begin to decline, often characterized by an inability to remember information and recognize others.)
A: Declining memory and the loss of ability to recognize others

Q: Which of the following statements describes the relationship between race/ethnicity, and hospice care?
- Beliefs about hospice care and its practices do not vary between race and ethnicities (Incorrect. The relationship between race/ethnicity and hospice care is complex, with a range of beliefs being expressed both between and within groups.)
- Conceptualizations of hospice care are directly determined by race/ethnicity (Incorrect. Although race/ethnicity can play a role in conceptualization of hospice care, does not necessarily determine it in all situations for all individuals. Other factors are also involved and play a role.)
- Conceptualizations of hospice care have nothing to do with race/ethnicity (Incorrect. Although there are individual differences within various racial/ethnic groups, race/ethnicity plays a role in shaping conceptualizations of hospice care by individuals.)
- Beliefs about hospice care and its practices vary between races and ethnicities (Correct! Individuals of different races and ethnicities tend to develop their own views of hospice care and its practices.)
A: Beliefs about hospice care and its practices vary between races and ethnicities

Q: Which of the following describes the way in which hospice service use is distributed between races?
- Hospice use is distributed evenly between races. (Incorrect. Remember, race is a factor that influences how individuals conceptualize hospice care, and differences exist in how hospice care is viewed and utilized.)
- Hospice service use is determined by socioeconomic status, not race. (Incorrect. Although socioeconomic status can play a role in the use of hospice care services, it is not a sole determinant.)
- Hospice service use is determined by religious affiliation, not race. (Incorrect. Although conceptualizations of hospice care vary between religious affiliations, and religious affiliation can be a factor in how individuals feel about hospice care, it does not the sole determinant of hospice care utilization.)
- Hospice use is distributed unevenly between races. (Correct! The population of individuals using hospice services is not evenly distributed between races.)
A: Hospice use is distributed unevenly between races.

Q: Which race is currently the most prevalent among the individuals using hospice care services?
- African American (Incorrect. This racial group only comprises approximately 8.7% of individuals using hospice care services.)
- Pacific Islander (Incorrect. This racial group only comprises approximately 1.9% of individuals using hospice care services.)
- Multiracial (Incorrect. This racial group only comprises approximately 8.7% of individuals using hospice care services.)
- White (Correct! Approximately 81% of individuals using hospice care services are white.)
A: White

Q: How does physician-assisted suicide differ from euthanasia?
- Physician-assisted suicide is not mandated by a set of laws and backed by legal authority (Incorrect. Physician-assisted suicide is linked to certain laws and legal authority.)
- Physician-assisted suicide is legal in all 50 states (Incorrect. Although several states have made physician-assisted suicide legal after Oregon legalized it, it is still not legal in all 50 states.)
- Physician-assisted suicide is only legal in one state (Incorrect. Physician assisted suicide is legal in more than one state.)
- Physician-assisted suicide is mandated by a set of laws and backed by legal authority (Correct. This is how physician-assisted suicide differs from euthanasia. Physician-assisted suicide has legal backing and involves a legal process.)
A: Physician-assisted suicide is mandated by a set of laws and backed by legal authority

Q: Which of the following describes an example of passive euthanasia?
- Giving the individual a lethal dose of life-ending medication. (Incorrect. This describes active euthanasia.)
- Having a doctor prescribe the individual with life-ending medication. (Incorrect. This describes physician assisted suicide.)
- Having life-ending medication administered by a doctor in a hospital. (Incorrect. This describes physician assisted suicide.)
- Ceasing to provide the individual with food or other necessities to live. (Correct. This describes passive euthanasia.)
A: Ceasing to provide the individual with food or other necessities to live.

Q: Which of the following describes an example of active euthanasia?
- withholding food from someone who wishes to die (Incorrect. This is an example of passive euthanasia.)
- withholding water from someone who wishes to die (Incorrect. This is an example of passive euthanasia.)
- getting a prescription for life-ending medication for someone who wishes to die (Incorrect. This is an example of physician assisted suicide.)
- administering a lethal dose of medication to someone who wishes to die (Correct! This is an example of active euthanasia.)
A: administering a lethal dose of medication to someone who wishes to die

Q: What is a common theme in the physician-assisted suicide laws in states that allow it?
- The practitioner can be forced to do it. (Incorrect. The laws that govern the practice of physician-assisted suicide vary between stages to some extent, but none of them mandate the ability of a practitioner to be forced to do it.)
- The patient's family must agree to it. (Incorrect. Family involvement is at the discretion of the dying individual, and it is not required for physician-assisted suicide to take place.)
- The patient's family can make the decision. (Incorrect. The decision for physician-assisted suicide to occur is made by the dying individual, not his/her family.)
- The practitioner must be willing to do it. (Correct! In the states that allow physician-assisted suicide, it is written in the laws that the medical practitioner involved must consent to this involvement.)
A: The practitioner must be willing to do it.