Title: History of Management
Course: Question Banks

Q: A motivation for scientific management, which uses time and motion studies and work standardizations, is to:
- require employees to choose their own work and train themselves
- make workers solely responsible for improving their conditions
- make manual labor run more efficiently
A: make manual labor run more efficiently

Q: Which is a limitation of scientific management?
- Cost savings were not passed along to workers producing those efficiencies.
- Workers were able to eliminate movements in product assembly, making labor more efficient.
- Knowledge-based work can’t be observed and broken down for efficiencies like manual labor.
A: Knowledge-based work can’t be observed and broken down for efficiencies like manual labor.

Q: Taylor’s Four Principles of Scientific Management included which of the following?
- Employees should be hired on the basis of their interest and desire in the work.
- Tasks and responsibilities are shared within teams.
- Heartily cooperate with the men to ensure all the work is done in accordance with the science that has been developed.
A: Heartily cooperate with the men to ensure all the work is done in accordance with the science that has been developed.

Q: Prior to Taylor, managers were owners or appointed by the owners with no role beyond oversight. Taylor said managers had responsibilities such as
- recording all administrative decisions in writing
- hiring new employees based on their degree or family ties
- optimizing the work process and training employees to follow it
A: optimizing the work process and training employees to follow it

Q: The Gilbreths both belonged to the classical school of management, which emphasized increasing
- communication between managers and workers and between workers
- base pay for first-class workers
- worker productivity by scientific analysis
A: worker productivity by scientific analysis

Q: The Gilbreth’s research provided many important principles that were later incorporated into
- organizational theory
- the systems approach to management
- quality assurance and quality control programs
A: quality assurance and quality control programs

Q: One graphic representation of the tasks required over the course of a project is called a
- project planning chart
- scheduling chart
- Gantt chart
A: Gantt chart

Q: Taylor and Gantt were the management consultants of their day. Workers were concerned the increased efficiency would mean less work and less pay. Gantt proposed to mitigate this concern with
- lifetime employment guarantees
- fixed salaries
- the task and bonus pay plan
A: the task and bonus pay plan

Q: Principles from the ________ school of management were originally designed to prevent favoritism and incompetence.
- scientific
- humanistic
- bureaucratic
A: bureaucratic

Q: Bureaucratic Management looked at how large organizations with layers of management could operate in an
- clear and coherent manner
- benevolent and caring manner
- efficient, rational manner
A: efficient, rational manner

Q: Max Weber believed a structured organization, a bureaucracy, would be the most logical and efficient. One of his rules was that
- authority and responsibilities are shared so that each person can add to the collective effort
- owners are directly involved in management to protect their interests
- authority and responsibilities are clearly defined for each position
A: authority and responsibilities are clearly defined for each position

Q: Max Weber believed that management should be separate from ownership and managers should be protected from arbitrary dismissal. These are aspects of his rule called
- division of labor
- impersonality
- career orientation
A: career orientation

Q: Many companies are organized along functional lines. In these companies, accountants report to a senior accountant; salespeople report to an executive of sales. These companies follow which organization design thinker from 100 years ago, who said activities that are similar should be the responsibility of one person?
- Mary Parker Follett
- Henry Ford
- Henri Fayol
A: Henri Fayol

Q: Henri Fayol was a mining engineer in the 1800s and later the head of a large mining firm. His experience led him to formulate principles for organization, including what he called
- Career Orientation: Owners and managers were separated.
- Impersonality: Rules were applied equally to everyone.
- Scalar chain: An unbroken chain of command extends from the top to the bottom of the organization.
A: Scalar chain: An unbroken chain of command extends from the top to the bottom of the organization.

Q: Criticism of Taylor’s Scientific Management sparked a new movement called Humanistic Management. This movement shifted management emphasis to
- time and motion studies
- project management
- people and work relationships
A: people and work relationships

Q: Scientific management engendered workers’ fears that all but an elite few would soon be out of work. The humanistic approach focused on
- merit-based promotion to motivate workers
- a strict chain of command to control outcomes
- the effects of group dynamics on efficiency and productivity
A: the effects of group dynamics on efficiency and productivity

Q: Mary Parker Follett has been called the “mother of modern management.” Her ideas anticipated employment relationships that are more common today than in the 1920s. She focused on the
- hierarchy of command
- administrative ability of an organization’s leaders rather than their technical ability
- informal and lateral processes within an organization
A: informal and lateral processes within an organization

Q: The Boston Consulting Group’s Yves Morieux argues for increasing the total quantity of power in a firm. Morieux echoes the earlier ideas of ________ about sharing power and empowering employees.
- Harvey Gantt
- Elton Mayo
- Mary Parker Follett
A: Mary Parker Follett

Q: The Hawthorne studies began as the type of experiment recommended by Scientific Management. Researchers were trying to find the optimal working conditions. But the outcomes defied explanation in the frame of scientific management. ________ changed the frame and focused on social dynamics.
- Mary Parker Follett
- Chester Barnard
- Elton Mayo
A: Elton Mayo

Q: Mayo theorized that management workers at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant were motivated more by
- individual bonuses than by environmental factors
- a sense of individual accomplishment than by management’s approval
- social dynamics than by economic or environmental factors
A: social dynamics than by economic or environmental factors

Q: Walmart developed its supply chain and inventory management to be very efficient and set the standard for other companies. These specialties are grouped under
- the systems approach to management
- information management
- operations management
A: operations management

Q: The systems approach to management is
- about managing computers and data
- about managing software and computer programmers
- akin to the Circle of Life in Disney’s movie The Lion King
A: akin to the Circle of Life in Disney’s movie The Lion King

Q: Biologists have learned to look at animals as part of a web of life. Grasshoppers don’t live in isolation away from the birds who prey on them or the vegetation that feeds them. Businesses cannot be perfected in isolation from their customers, competition, and community. This view of management is
- the strategic view of management
- the holistic view of business
- the systems approach to management
A: the systems approach to management

Q: Information management is the ________ of a company. Information management is concerned with the collection, preservation, storage, processing, and delivery of information. The purpose of information management is to make sure information is available to the right people at the right time in a form that they can apply.
- guts
- heart
- nervous system
A: nervous system

Q: Google has indexed the World Wide Web to make sure information is available quickly in a form that people can apply. Google’s competitive advantage depends on
- contingency management
- scientific management
- information management
A: information management

Q: True Story is a podcast where people tell personal stories. To create a card game, they created a pop-up or flash company. There were no employees, only contractors hired through Upwork.com. They broke the rules of bureaucratic management in the process. The management “theory” that considers exceptions is
- chaos theory
- situational management
- contingency management
A: contingency management

Q: An effective organizational structure for an Internet company such as Google would not be the same as for a manufacturing company such as General Motors. Another ________ factor is the country in which the company operates. U.S. management methods do not work well in France.
- organizational
- human resource
- contingency
A: contingency